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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Adipose tissue stores about
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95% of body's triacylglycerols
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Following a meal, the liver does what?
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Converts glucose --> glycogen for storage
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Excess glucose after a meal goes to ? to synthesize ?
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Acetyl-CoA to synthesize fatty acids
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Fatty acids are esterified to ?
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Glycerols
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During a fast, the liver does what?
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Converts glycogen --> glucose and releases it into circulation
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Triacylglycerols and acetyl-coa during a fast can go to ?
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Ketone bodies
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Amino acids during a fast can go to ?
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Glucose via gluconeogenesis or ketosis
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Muscles store glucose --> glycogen to?
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A limit
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During exercise, what is broken down for glycolysis for what?
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Glycogen is broken down for ATP production
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Heart muscles burn primarily what?
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Fatty acids
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Adipocytes turn what to what? Stored where?
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Glycose --> glycerol and store in fat globules
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Metabolites travel between tissues in ?
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Interorgan metabolic pathways
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The Cori cycle does what?
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Transports lactate from muscle to liver
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Glucose-alanine cycle does what?
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Alanine is transported from the muscle to liver?
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In the glucose-alanine cycle:
1) Pyruvate is produced by ? 1) Pyruvate is transaminated to make ? |
Muscle glycolysis
Alanine |
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What two organs can carry out gluconeogenesis?
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Liver and kidney
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Free energy to drive gluconeogenesis is derived from ? by oxidation of ?
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ATP produced by oxidation of fatty acids
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Cori Cycle: Glycogen ---> ? which goes through ??? for ATP
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Glyocgen --> Glucose which goes through glycolysis
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In the Cori Cycle, NADH cannot be ? which generates ?
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NADH cannot be re-oxidized, creates lactate
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`
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Pancreatic cells release ? in response to high glucose
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Insulin
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Insulin stimulates uptake of ? and storage of ?
It inhibits what? |
Glucose
Metabolic fuels Glycogen breakdown |
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Glucagon and epinephrine promote ? and ?
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Glycogenolysis and lipolysis
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Hormones produced by ? and ? regulate appetite and fuel metabolism
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Adipose tissue and digestive organs
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AMPK actives ? and inhibits ?
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Actives ATP-producing pathways and inhibits ATP-consuming pathways
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Normal concentration of glucose in blood is ?
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3.6-.5.8 mM
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Insulin is synthesized in ? cells in ?
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beta islet cells in pancreas
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Glucagon is synthesized in ? cells in ?
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Alpha islet cells in pancreas
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Glucokinase vs Hexokinase
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Hexo: Low km so enzymes saturate with substrate
Gluco: Higher km (in liver), never saturated, sensitive to glucose concentration |
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Glucokinase appears to be a ? sensor, triggering ?
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Glucose sensor, triggering insulin release
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The liver is more responsive to ?
Muscle is more responsive to ? |
Glucagon
Epinephrine |
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Glucagon is released from beta-cells of pancrease when blood glucose drops below ?
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5mM
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AMPK acts as ?
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Fuel sensor
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AMPK is activated by ? and ?
And inhibited by ? |
AMP/ADP
ATP |
