Integrated Biology Exam 4 - University Of Minnesota - Rochester

Front 1

The _____________ of a nucleotide determines whether it is a component of DNA or RNA.

Back 1

5 Carbon Sugar

Front 2

Which of the following correctly describes how DNA is replicated?

Back 2

Semi-Conservatively, because each new double stranded molecule contains one parent strand and one newly synthesized strand

Front 3

Replication on the lagging strand of a DNA molecule is discontinuous because _____________?

Back 3

DNA can only be synthesized by DNA polymerase in the 3’ to 5’ direction

Front 4

How does DNA replication differ, in terms of origin, in prokaryotes to eukaryotes?

Back 4

Replication of DNA begins at a single origin of replication (ori) in prokaryotes, whereas replication in eukaryotes begins at several replication bubbles along the length of linear chromosomes.

Front 5

In human populations that have experienced an ancestral behavioral and cultural change involving the domestication of livestock, what is the best explanation for why the ability to digest lactose in adulthood has evolved?

Back 5

Individuals in those populations who had a genetic polymorphism that allowed them to digest milk as adults had a selective advantage for survival and reproduction

Front 6

What is the correct order of the stages of transcription?

Back 6

initiation, elongation, termination

Front 7

Which organelle is the site of translation and catalyzes the synthesis of a polypeptide?

Back 7

ribosome

Front 8

The genetic code is read in triplets of nucleotides known as ____________

Back 8

Codons

Front 9

Which of the following is the molecule that brings an amino acid to the site of polypeptide synthesis during translation?

Back 9

transfer RNA (tRNA)

Front 10

What is the enzyme that functions to add repetitive sequences to the end of chromosomes to aid in the replication of DNA and prevent the progressive shortening of eukaryotic linear chromosomes?

Back 10

telomerase

Front 11

Which of the following mechanisms of gene regulation are used in BOTH prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

Back 11

Transcription, Translation, Post-translation

Front 12

In bacteria, genes clustered together in units that are under the transcriptional control of a single promoter and have a regulatory region is known as which of the following?

Back 12

operon

Front 13

In prokaryotes, the presence of lactose results in the expression of the genes required to breakdown lactose. Which of the following best describes this type of regulation?

Back 13

inducible

Front 14

In eukaryotes, _______________ is(are) generally regulated by a combination of many factors which determines the expression of any given gene.

Back 14

Transcription

Front 15

Genes such as IGF2 in which one copy of the gene (maternal or paternal) is actively transcribed, while the other copy of the gene is inactivated by the addition of methyl groups are known as which of the following?

Back 15

imprinted genes

Front 16

A mutation in which a codon that previously specified an amino acid is mutated to become a stop codon is known as which of the following?

Back 16

nonsense mutation

Front 17

What are the DNA repair mechanisms?

Back 17

Direct, NER, Methyl-

Front 18

Cancer occurs in the process regulating the _______ and ________ of cells.

Back 18

Cell Cycle, Cell Division

Front 19

What mutation occurs in the gametes and can be passed on to offspring?

Back 19

germ-line mutations

Front 20

Missense mutations, gene amplifications, chromosomal translocations, and retroviral insertions are all mutations that convert _____________ into ______________ that may lead to cancer through increased gene activity and the promotion of uncontrolled cell division.

Back 20

proto-oncogene, oncogene

Front 21

Which level of gene regulation is present only in eukaryotes?

Back 21

RNA processing (Post-transcriptional control)

Front 22

Which of the following are proteins that bind to regulatory regions in DNA to regulate the initiation of transcription?

Back 22

transcription factors (activators and repressors)

Front 23

What is the feature of tRNA that ensures the correct amino acid is added to the polypeptide chain?

Back 23

anticodon

Front 24

What direction is DNA connected?

Back 24

3' carbon of the sugar on the last nucleotide is covalently linked to 5' phosphate group of incoming nucleotide