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47 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Surface Wave |
The seismic waves that travel along Earth's surface and produce the most severe ground movements |
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Seismic Waves |
Vibrations that move through the ground carrying the energy released during an earthquake |
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Bathollith |
a mass of rock that forms when a large body of magma cools inside the crust |
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caldera |
a huge hole that is left when the roof of a volcanic mountain's magma chamber collapses |
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Ring of Fire |
a major volcanic belt circling the Pacific Ocean |
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geyser |
groundwater heated by a nearby body of magma that can spray from the ground when under pressure |
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geothermal |
an energy source that is provided by water heated by magma |
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island arc |
string of islands that form from the collision of two oceanic plates |
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recording and studying seismic waves |
geologists obtain indirect evidence about Earth's interior by |
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crust, mantle, outer core, inner core |
the correct order (starting from the surface) of the Earth's layers |
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P wave |
the type of waves that arrive at the surface first and move by compressing and expanding the ground like an accordian |
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secondary waves |
s waves are also known as |
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slower |
compared to p waves and s waves, surface waves move |
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mercalli scale |
the scale that is used to tell how much earthquake damage was done to homes and other buildings |
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ground movements caused by seismic waves |
what does a seismograph record |
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p waves |
this type of earthquake wave can travel through both liquids and solids |
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moment magnitude scale |
the rating system that estimates the total energy released by an earthquake |
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volcanoes forming over a hot spot |
the formation of the Hawaiian Islands is one example of |
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temperature |
the viscosity of magma depends upon its silica content and |
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volcanic ash |
this volcanic hazard is made up of rocky particles about the size of a grain of sand |
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composite volcano |
tall, cone shaped mountains in which layers of lava alternate with layers of ash |
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dome mountain |
the landform that forms when a mass of hardened magma is uplifted, causing the layers of rock to bend upward |
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silica |
the major ingredient in magma |
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magma |
before lava reaches the surface, the molten material is called |
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island arc |
volcanoes along converging oceanic plates boundaries form these |
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dormant |
a volcano that may erupt again at some time in the distant future is |
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indirect evidence |
scientists don't actually see what they are studying but use methods like seismic waves to determine information |
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direct evidence |
scientists actually see what they are studying like drilling for rock samples |
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lithosphere |
a rigid layer made up of the uppermost part of the mantle and crust |
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asthenosphere |
the soft layer of the mantle on which the lithosphere floats |
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movement of Earth's plates |
this causes earthquakes |
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focus |
the area beneath Earth's surface where rock is under stress |
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epicenter |
the area directly above the focus |
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pahoehoe |
fast moving, hot lava that has a low viscosity |
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aa |
cooler and slow moving lava that has a higher viscosity and forms a rough surface |
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magma chamber |
pocket below a volcano that collects magma |
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vent |
molten material leaves a volcano through an opening called a |
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quiet eruption |
low silica content, lava oozes from the vent and can flow for many kilometers |
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explosive eruption |
high silica content, magma builds up and explodes violently from the vent |
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active |
a volcano that is erupting or will be in the near future |
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extinct |
a volcano that is unlikely to erupt again |
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shield volcano |
lava flows gradually to build a wide gently sloping mountain |
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cinder cone volcano |
high viscosity, lava produces ash, cinder and bombs that build up around a vent in a steep, cone shaped hill |
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lava plateau |
lava forms high level flat areas |
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dike |
forms when magma moves between rock layers in a vertical direction |
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sill |
forms when magma moves between rock layers in a horizontal direction |
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volcanic neck |
forms when magma hardens in a volcano's pipe |