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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the purpose of a pump? |
To increase the overall liquid pressure |
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Why increase the pressure? |
Liquid movement |
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What is the first type of pump? |
A kinetic energy pump |
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What do kinetic energy pumps do? |
Using external energy (electricity) to apply mechanical energy to the pump drive |
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What does mechanical energy do in kinetic energy pumps? |
It increases the velocity of the fluid which is then converted into pressure energy |
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Name examples of kinetic energy pumps |
Centrifugal pump |
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What is the other pump type? |
Positive displacement pump |
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What do positive displacement pumps do? |
Use electricity to apply mechanical energy to directly increase pressure energy of the fluid |
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Name different types of positive displacement pumps |
Plunger Controlled volume |
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Define plunger pumps |
Triplex or quintuplex plungers, Used to deliver fluids to high pressure locations |
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Define control volume pumps |
Piston or diaphragm, used for low flow rates |
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Define screw pumps |
Designed for liquids with a high viscosity Can be used with a two phase fluid |
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What is the purpose of fans, blowers and compressors? |
To increase the pressure of gases Fans increase the pressure by < 3.5kPa (0.5psi) Blowers increase the pressure by 3.5kPa-10kPa (1.5psi) Compressor increase the pressure by >10kPa |
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What are two compressor categories? |
Continuous flow Positive displacement |
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Characteristics of continuous flow |
Gas flow continuous High flow rates and low pressure rise Types: Centrifugal Axial |
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Characteristics of positive displacement |
Fluctuations gas flow High pressure rise and low flow rates Types: reciprocating Rotary |
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Centrifugal compressors |
High flow rates and moderate pressure rise per stage Impeller converts mechanical energy to high velocities of gas Diffuser converts the high velocity into high pressure energy |
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Axial compressor |
High flow rates and low pressure rise per stage The shaft drives a central drum which has as a number of annular airfoil rows attached in pairs They rotate and accelerate the fluid. The stationary airfoils convert increasing kinetic energy into static pressure and redirect the fluid flow direction |
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Rotary compressor |
One main type is the screw compressor Uses two meshing helical screws (rotors) to compress gas Sub types Oil free: gas contact Oil injected: uses oil lubrication to absorb compression heat |
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Reciprocating compressors |
A piston driven by the crank shaft converts mechanical energy into pressure energy Used often in natural gas field for its ability to boost pipeline pressure |
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Liquid ring compressors |
Made of an off centred rotor inside cylindrical casing Water is injected with fuel and forms a ring around the casing, compressing the gas and absorbing heat Used in the heavy oil field for vapour recovery |
