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41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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pathogens need to... |
gain entry, adhere, colonize, invade + evade, get out of body (spread) |
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contains mechanical and chemical microbiological barriers |
epithelial cells |
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3 components of Innate IR |
1) Macrophages 2) Inflammation 3) Complement |
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phagocytic cells in the tissues |
macrophages - killing immature dendritic cell - no killing |
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MO breaks epithelial barrier...then it encounters |
1) macrophages 2) neutrophils |
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macrophages have receptors called... |
pattern recognition receptors (PRR) which recognize PAMPS |
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what do PRR's recognize? |
non-self stuff - PAMPS (pathogen-associated molecular patters) |
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intercellular vessicles in macrophages how do they work? |
phagosomes - can become acidic - can fuse with lysosome --> phagolysosome |
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phagosome + lysosome |
phagolysosome |
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what do macrophages secrete? |
1) cytokines 2) chemokines 3) lipid mediators |
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cytokines |
affect cell behavior |
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chemokines |
type of cytokine affect migration (through gradients) |
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lipid mediators |
inflammation triggers ex. prostoglandins |
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modes of killing (macrophages and neutrophils) |
- phagosome acidified - phagolysosome - produces lysozyme - destroys DNA - phagocytes produce toxic oxygenic compounds |
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are macrophage modes of killing sufficient to prevent an established infection? |
yes |
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macrophages release cytokines (TNF-a) and chemokines and lipid mediators- this is called ____ |
recruitment |
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4 components of inflammation |
pain, swelling, redness, heat |
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4 changes from inflammation |
1) increase vascular diameter
2) endothelial lining produces adhesion molecules to attract leukocytes --> allows extravasation 3) increase vascular permeability 4) clotting in microvessels |
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what does increasing the vascular diameter do in inflammatory response |
increases and slows blood flow --> heat and redness |
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what is extravasation? |
macs + nets leave vessel --> tissue --> swelling + pain |
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why does clotting in micro vessels happen with inflammation? |
protective - blocks pathogen from bloodstream |
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purposes of lipid mediators |
1) deliver additional effectors mols to infection site 2) physical barrier to prevent spread 3) promote tissue repair |
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allow innate IR to distinguish self from non-self |
PRR's - pattern recognition receptors recognize common patterns (DNA, RNA, etc.) |
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innate IR vs. adaptive IR |
innate - common receptor --> common antigen adaptive - 1 antibody/TCR --> 1 antigen |
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each B-cell and T-cell is unique because... |
BCR's and TCR's are all unique |
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MBL, macrophage mannose receptor, scavenger receptor, TLR are examples of... |
PRR |
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Mannose-binding lectin (MBL) |
PRR soluble - floating around binds to sugar |
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scavenger receptors |
PRR like negative charges + lipoproteins |
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TLR |
toll-like receptors (PRR) recognizes PAMPS that are important to pathogen survival |
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PRR functions |
- trigger phagocytosis - complement cascade triggers pro-inflammatory cytokine + chemokine + lipid mediator production |
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PRR functions for dendritic cells |
induce cell surface display of costimulatory molecules |
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set of plasma proteins that act together to attack the surface of pathogens |
complement cascade |
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complement cascade proteins are... |
in body fluids + tissues induces inflammation many plasma proteins are zymogens proteins are activated locally triggered enzyme cascade |
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3 complement pathways |
1) Classical 2) MB-Lectin pathway 3) Alternative pathway |
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Classical complement pathway |
can recognize antigen directly OR antibody on antigen |
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classical complement pathway can be triggered during ____ IR |
adaptive |
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all 3 complement pathways converge to make ______ |
c3-convertase |
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c3-convertase has 3 outcomes: |
1) trigger inflammation 2) opsonize pathogens 3) kill pathogens |
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opsonization |
coat surface with chocolate, macrophages like it |
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how does C3-convertase kill pathogens? |
Membrane Attack Complex (MAC) |
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which number activates MAC? |
C5 convertase |
