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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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homologous chromosomes? |
Chromosomes found in pairs |
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Specific location of a chromosome |
Locus |
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Different versions of the locus |
Alleles |
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The combination of alleles you possess at a given locus |
Genotype |
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If the version on both chromosomes is the same/different |
Homozygous/Heterozygous |
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Sources of genetic Variation |
Mutations (changes in DNA) are the original source of genetic diversity Reshuffling of alleles during sexual reproduction produces genetic variation (inherited variation) |
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What does mutations do? |
Mutations create different versions of loci (genes) called alleles - Polymorphism |
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Mechanisms of genetic Variation |
Independent assortment of chromosomes Recombination (Crossing-over) Random fertilization of gametes |
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Meiosis |
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Mendelian laws of inheritance |
Low of segregation and Law of independent assortment |
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Law of segregation |
states that the two alleles for a heritable character separate during gamete formation and end up in different gametes |
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Law of independent assortment |
states that each pair of alleles segregates independently of each other pair of alleles during gamete formation |
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Effects of differences in the DNA sequence? |
Differences in DNA sequence can lead to differences in protein function resulting in different phenotypes. |
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Factors of expression of characteristics? |
Dominant / RecessiveCodominantAutosomal / Sex-linked |
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Y linked Alleles |
Only passed through via father to son as theres is no equivialent gene on the X chromosomes all males will be affected |
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Mitochondrial inheritance |
Maternal only inheritanceOnly the egg (not the sperm) contribute mitochondria to the developing embryoMutations in mitochondrial DNA can appear in every generation of a family, can affect both males and females, but fathers do not pass these disorders to their daughters or sons |
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Codominant Inheritance |
Alleles are expressed equally |
