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129 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
blood vessels growing over the peripheral cornea
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pannus
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beefy red plaque surrounded by numerous, smaller red macules
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satellite lesions (seen in candidiasis)
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tx for cryptococcal meningitis
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amph B and flucytosine
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tx for cryptococcal pneumonia
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fluconazole
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fungus endemic of mississipi and ohio river valleys
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histoplasma capsulatum
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cx for histoplasma capsulatum take about...?
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6 weeks
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stain to dx histoplasma capsulatum and other fungi
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methenamine silver (brown to black outline of the cell walls)
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fungus associated with caves, soil and old buildings
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histoplasma capsulatum
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fungus associated with decaying wood and in the north-south central US area
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blastomyces dermatitidis
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fungus found mostly in the south-west US area (california...)
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coccidiomyces
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fungus associated with pigeon excreta in the western areas
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cryptococcus neoformans
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less than a year old child with loss of head control, weakness, constipation and decreased sucking
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floppy baby syndrome
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only type of botulism that is tx w antb
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wound botulism
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leading cause of infectious blindness characterized by by white lumps on the inside of eyelids
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trachoma (chlamydial infx)
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rose spots
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salmonellosis (typhoid fever)
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tenesmus, crampy abdominal pain, bloody and mucoid diarrhea 12 h after eating potato salad
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shigellosis
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most common complaint from tetanus
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trismus (lock-jaw)
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empiric tx for tb
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isoniazid
rifampin pyrazinamide ethambutol or streptomycin |
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prophylaxis for mycobacterium avium intracellulare
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macrolide in pt with cd4 count < 50
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inability to close the eye
seen in leprosy |
Lagophthalmos
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skin lesions, hypoesthesia, peripheral neuropathy and reduced blinking
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leprosy
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tx for leprosy
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dapsone
rifampin clofazimine |
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most common extraintestinal disorder associated with amebiasis
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liver abscess
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after tx of amebiasis with flagyl what med should be used to tx the cyst form
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Paromomycin
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trilayered eggs in stool, whirpool pattern and eosinophilia
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ascariasis
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tx for giardiasis in pregnant women
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Paromomycin
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counseling pts about giardiasis, what should be said about water preparation
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giardia cysts are resistant to chlorination. water must be boiled
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pruritic rash, eosinophilia, anemia and cough
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hookworm infexn
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two hookworms
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ancylostoma duodenale
necator americanus |
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first dz to r/o in a traveler with a fever
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malaria
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complication of malaria where rbc's break leading to hemoglobinuria and renal failure
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black-water fever
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pts should be screened for what dz before taking primaquine for malaria tx
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g6pd deficiency (can have dangerous leves of methemoglobinemia)
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most common chloroquine-sensitive area for americans
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dominican republic
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chloroquine-sensitive areas for malaria
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haiti
mexico middle east central america |
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pork tape-worm
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taenia solium
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beef tape-worm
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taenia saginata
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Fish tape-worm name
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Diphyllobothrium latum
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most common vector-borne dz in the us
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lyme's dz
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facial nerve palsy and target lesions
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lyme's dz
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culprit of rocky mountain spotted fever
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rickettsia-rickettsii
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dz associated with ticks of the ixodes genus
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lyme's dz
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dz associated with ticks of the dermacentor family
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rocky mountain spotted fever
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rash begining at the extremities moving medially, ha, fever and myalgias
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rocky mountain spotted fever
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common lab findings in rmsf
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thrombocytopenia
normal wbc count w/ a left shift |
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tx for rmsf for pregnants
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chloramphenicol
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prostitute presents w/ papulo-macular rash in the head, neck, trunk and extremities including palms and soles suspect...
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secondary syphilis
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Leading cause of blindness in patients with AIDS
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cmv
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immuno-compromised pt presents with mononucleosis-like sx, think...
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cmv infx
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histologic finding suggestive of cmv infx
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owl-eyes cells
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name for atypical lymphocytes in mono
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downey cells
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medical term for fifth dz and its cause
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erythema infectiosum caused by parvovirus b-19
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fever, malaise and a slapped-cheek appearing rash
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erythema infectiosum or fifth dz
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lacy-appearing eruption
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Erythema infectiosum
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koilocytotic squamous epithelial cells suggest...
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hpv infx
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fever, malaise and parotid swelling
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mumps
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Increased salivation, hydrophobia think...
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rabies
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cellular inclusions pathognomonic for rabies
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negri bodies
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child with sudden high fever followed by a non-pruritic rash starting at the trunk and moving distally
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roseola infantum aka sixth dz aka examthema subitum
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petechial lesions on the soft palate associated with rubella
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Forchheimer spots
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macular, erythematous lesions in various stages
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chickenpox
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organs affected by aminoglycosides tx
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kidneys and ears
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antibiotic associated with gray baby syndrome
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chloramphenicol
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med used to remove chloramphenicol in gray baby syndrome
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phenobarbital (induces cyp450)
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alternative for chloramphenicol to avoid gray baby syndrome
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3rd gen cephalosporins
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Intracerebral calcifications, hydrocephalus and chorioretinitis
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Congenital Toxoplasmosis
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coagulase negative staph usually causing cns, soft tissue and prostetic infections
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staph lugdunensis
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mechanisms by which probiotics help prevent c. difficle assoc. diarrhea (CDAD) [3]
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1. Alter the intestinal flora
2. have antimicrobial activity 3. create a intestinal barrier that prevents c. diff attachment to epithilium |
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non-enterococcal bacteremia assoc. with malignancy of the colon
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STREP. BOVIS (GROUP D)
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In meningitis, antibiotic that covers listeria and strep in neonates or elderly
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AMPICILLIN
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Pathogen associated with the deserts in southwestern USA
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COCCIDIOIDES IMMITIS
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Why should blood glucose levels should be obtained before doing a lp?
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hyperglycemia can give a false normal glucose level of the csf
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virus that can decrease sugar levels in csf
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HSV AND MUMPS
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HSV encephalitis affect which part of the brain more commonly
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INFERIOR MEDIAL TEMPORAL LOBE
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Pt visited West Africa and presents a week after with fever, facial swelling, proteinuria and mucosal bleeding
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LASSA FEVER
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Pt visits a swampy area of New York in the summer and presents with flu-like symptoms, myoclonus, flaccid paralysis and parkisonism
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WEST NILE FEVER
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What would you find on MRI in a pt with west nile fever?
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LESIONS ON THE BASAL GANGLIA, THALAMUS AND MID-BRAIN
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Virus infecting monkey handlers
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HERPES B VIRUS
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Organism assoc with ventriculo-peritoneal shunt
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STAPH LUGDUNENSIS
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Pt has a pig pet and develops meningitis. What could be the culprit?
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STREP SUIS
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clear halos surrounding fungi are suggestive of what organism
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CRYPTOCOCCUS NEOFORMANS
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Autoimmune disease that can cause enhancing lesions in MRI mimicking Toxo
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SARCOIDOSIS
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Legionella Pneumophila infection w/o pneumonia is...
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PONTIAC FEVER
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Vomiting in food poisoning is a feature of which 3 bugs
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STAPH AUREUS
BACILLUS CEREUS NOROVIRUS (TOXINS) |
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4 bugs associated with reactive arthritis
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CAMPYLOBACTER JEJUNI
SALMONELLA SHIGELLA YERSINIA |
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Abdominal bloating suggests...
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GIARDIASIS
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Bug that mimics appendicitis
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YERSINIA
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Tenesmus and rectal discomfort think...
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SHIGELLOSIS
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Bug associated with deli meats
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LISTERIA
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Bug associated with eating raw eggs
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SALMONELLA
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Vomiting and watery diarrhea one to four hours after eating salty or sweet foods
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STAPH AUREUS
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Vomiting 1 to 6 hours or diarrhea 8 to 16 hours after eating re-heated fried rice or meat balls
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BACILLUS CEREUS
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High mortality condition and bug associated with eating poorly cooked pork
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ENTERITIS NECROTICANS CAUSED BY CLOSTRIDIUM PERFRINGENS
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Most common cause of otitis externa in swimmers and diabetics
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PSEUDOMONAS
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Most common fungi causing otitis externa
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CANDIDA
ASPERGILLUS |
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In diabetic pts, most comon cause of infectious sinusitis
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MUCORMYCOSIS
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Suboccipital lymphadenopathy on a kid with rash and soft palate spots
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RUBELLA
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Conjunctivitis and staccato cough
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CHLAMYDIA PNEUMONIA
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Olfactory hallucinations, bloody CSF
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HSV ENCEPHALITIS
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What causes cutanea larva migrans?
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HOOKWORMS
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Causative agent of herpes zoster
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VARICELLA ZOSTER (ALSO CAUSES CHICKENPOX)
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First and second most common opportunistic infections in immunocompromised pts
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1. CANDIDIASIS
2. ASPERGILLOSIS |
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Drug used to elevate penicillin concentrations while treating late latent and neurosyphilis
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PROBENECID
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Definitive dx of Enteric fever is made by...
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BLOOD CX W/ EVIDENCE OF SALMONELLA TYPHI WITHIN 1 WEEK OF SX. (STOOL CX MAY BE + IN CARRIERS)
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Definition of Fever of Unknown Origin
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FEVER OVER 38 FOR MORE THAN 3 WEEKS W/O ESTABLISHED CAUSE OR 3 CONSECUTIVE DAYS OF HOSPITALIZATION OR 3 OUTPT VISITS
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Why is Rifampin used as prophilactic treatment in close contacts with bacterial meningitis pt?
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IT ELIMINATES THE NASOPHARYNGEAL CARRIAGE OF THE ORGANISM
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Drug of choice for bacterial meningitis which has replaced PCN
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VANCO (DOUBLE DOSE TO ACHIEVE CNS CONCENTRATION)
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Most common organism associated with meningitis after a ventriculo-peritoneal shunt?
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STAPH EPIDERMIDIS
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Main cause of death 2/2 Measles worldwide
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GASTROENTERITIS
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Which immunocompromised pt can be safely vaccinated against Measles
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HIV PT
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Rash the begins behind the ears and spreads to the trunk and extremities
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MEASLES
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Tx for Measles infection
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HIGH DOSE VIT A
RIBAVIRIN |
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Tx for endocarditis 2/2 cat scratch dz
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DOXY PLUS GENTA FOR TWO WEEKS
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Common vector of Bartonella Quintana
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LICE
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Mention 3 conditions associated with Cat Scratch Dz in immunocompromised pts
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1- BACILLARY ANGIOMATOSIS
2- PELIOSIS HEPATIS 3- RETINITIS |
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A female obese pt on chronic therapy of Zidovudine is at risk of which fatal condition
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HEPATIC TOXICITY 2/2 LACTIC ACIDOSIS-STEATOSIS SYNDROME
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Little girl presents with a 3 day rash that started on the face and moved down to her trunk. She complains of knee pain and cough. PE shows cervical and occipital lymphadenopathy as well as conjunctivitis. Dx?
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RUBELLA
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A newborn with congenital cataracts, deafness, PDA and thrombocytopenic purpura (blueberry-muffin rash) is infected with...
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CONGENITAL RUBELLA SYNDROME
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Petechial rash over skin creases is characteristic of what disease and what is this called?
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THEY ARE FOUND IN SCARLET FEVER AND ARE CALLED "PASTIA LINES"
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Antibiotic regimen for a non-pregnant pt with PID?
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3RD GENERATION CEPHALOSPORIN (CEFOTETAN, CEFTRIAXONE, CEFOXITIN) PLUS DOXY..ADD CLINDAMYCIN OR FLAGYL IF TUBO-OVARIAN ABSCESS PRESENT
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Pt traveled to 3rd world country and returns with symptoms of PID that don't respond to abx..most likely dx?
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TUBERCULOUS SALPINGITIS
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Pt presents w/ a h/o recurrent bacterial pneumonias including PCP and jaundice. He's HIV (-). Labs show decrease in IgA and IgG but increased IgM. MLDx?
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HYPER IGM SYNDROME
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Which virus is composed of segmented double-stranded RNA in a "wheel" like pattern?
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ROTAVIRUS
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The largest non-enveloped viruses which are composed of a complex double-stranded DNA genome are..?
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ADENOVIRUSES
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This virus has a circular double-stranded DNA genome
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HEP B VIRUS
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Which virus is made of a circular single-stranded RNA genome?
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HEP D VIRUS
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What are the 3 most common causes of viral gastroenteritis in children?
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1- ROTAVIRUS
2- ADENOVIRUS 3- ASTROVIRUS |
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Which virus has a single-stranded plain RNA genome?
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NORWALK VIRUS
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What is the management of a HIV + pregnant pt to decrease her chances of infecting the newborn?
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1- ZIDOVUDINE ANTE AND INTRA PARTUM AND POSTPARTUM TO THE BABY
2- OFFER C-SECTION AT 38 WEEKS TO PREVENT RUPTURE OF MEMBRANES OR ANTICIPATED LABOR |
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20 yo pt c/o tenderness on multiple joints and a rash on the palms and soles..he/she cannot bear weight on the knee due to swelling and pain. No lesions found on genital exam. MLDx?
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GONOCOCCAL ARTHRITIS
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