Information Technology Terms Chapter 1-3

Front 1

business pressures

Back 1

market, technology, sociatal

Front 2

market pressure

Back 2

global economy, changing workforce, need for real time operations

Front 3

technology pressures

Back 3

tech innovations, information overload

Front 4

sociatal pressures

Back 4

social responsibility, gov't regulation/deregulation, terrorist attacks, ethical issues

Front 5

strategic management and systems

Back 5

advancement in technology to give companies edge over competition

Front 6

customer focus

Back 6

customer has more power

Front 7

continuous improvement

Back 7

periodically re examining all processes to increase productivety

Front 8

organizational responses to business pressures

Back 8

strategic management systems, customer focus, continuous improvement, business process reengineering, make to order and mass custimization, business alliances, e-commerce

Front 9

information system

Back 9

collects, processes, stores, analyzes and disseminates information for specific purpose

Front 10

data

Back 10

elementary description of things, events, activities and transactions

Front 11

information

Back 11

organized data so that they have meaning and value to recipient

Front 12

knowledge

Back 12

data or information that has been organized to convey understanding, experience, expertise

Front 13

transaction processing systems
(TPS)

Back 13

process transaction of organization; cater to routine, stable, structured, static decision

Front 14

management information systems (MIS)

Back 14

batch reporting: summary, exception, detailed reports. cater to slightly changing or semi-structured decisions. Rigid/inflexible and not sophisticated analytically, internal/corporate data flows

Front 15

decision support systems (DSS)

Back 15

aid and support management decision making, what if analysis, cater to rapidly changing, dynamic and unstructured decisions. analytically sophisticated(models,algorithms), future oriented, flexible

Front 16

knowledge work systems

Back 16

cater to knowledge workers (scientists, engineers). usually graphically and mathematically intensive. ex. CAD/CAE systems

Front 17

office automation systems (OAS)

Back 17

document management systems: word processing, spreadsheet, database, integrated software. Scheduling software, communication software: email, connection terminal

Front 18

executive information systems (EIS or ESS)

Back 18

caters to top executives, graphically oriented. uses internal (revenues, exp.) and external data flows (econ., competition, industry info.). user friendly interface and analyzing methods

Front 19

artificial intelligence (AI)

Back 19

robotics/intelligent machines, natural language processing, expert systems (KBS).

Front 20

expert systems (ES or KBS)

Back 20

operates at level of human expert, symbol manipulation system. offers inferences or conclusions making decision for managers

Front 21

website

Back 21

contains web server which serves documents to clients. can be informative and/or interactive

Front 22

URL

Back 22

uniform resource locator.

Front 23

web client

Back 23

uses browser to fetch data from web server.

Front 24

web server

Back 24

usually called HTTP _____ or HTTP Daemon. server waits for TCP/IP connection on port 80. server reads request and sends back MIME

Front 25

search engines

Back 25

aids in discovery information in huge area covered by internet

Front 26

search and index agents

Back 26

web robots, spiders, wanderers. sent out to index websites to category