Information Technology Terms Chapter 6-8

Front 1

Supply Chain

Back 1

Flow of materials, information, payments, and services from raw material suppliers, through factories and warehouses, to the end user

Front 2

Bullwhip Effect

Back 2

Erratic shifts in orders up and down the supply chain due to poor demand forecasts, price fluctuation, order batching, and rationing within supply chain

Front 3

Material Requirements Planning (MRP)

Back 3

Integrates production, purchasing, and inventory management

Front 4

Manufacturing Resource Planning (MRP II)

Back 4

Integrates labor requirements and financial planning to MRP

Front 5

Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP)

Back 5

Integrates all departments and functional information flows across a company onto a single computer system that can serve all of the enterprise's needs

Front 6

Customer relationship management (CRM)

Back 6

Enterprisewide effort to acquire and retain customers

Front 7

Operational CRM

Back 7

Typical business functions involving customer services, order management, invoice/billing, and sales/marketing automation and management

Front 8

Analytical CRM

Back 8

Capture, store, extract, process, interpret, and report customer data to a corporate user, who then analyzes them as needed

Front 9

Collaborative CRM

Back 9

Communication, coordination, and collaboration between vendors and customers

Front 10

B2B exchanges

Back 10

Facilitate trading among companies

Front 11

Electronic Hubs

Back 11

Facilitate communication and coordination among business partners, frequently along the supply chain

Front 12

Directories

Back 12

Appear as B2B information portals. Include catalogues of products offered by each seller, lists of buyers, and what they want, and other industry or general information

Front 13

EDI

Back 13

Communication standard that allows the electronic transfer of routine documents, such as purchasing orders, between business partners

Front 14

EDI translators

Back 14

Converts data into standard format before transmitting; then standard form is converted to original data.

Front 15

business transactions messages

Back 15

Purchase orders, invoices, credit approvals, shipping notices, confirmations

Front 16

data formatting standards

Back 16

EDI messages encoded to the ANSI X.12 standard

Front 17

Value-added network

Back 17

Proprietary network connecting your company to your partners

Front 18

extranets

Back 18

Networks that link business partners to one another over the internet by providing access to certain areas of each other's corporate intranets

Front 19

XML (extensible markup language)

Back 19

Simplified version of general data description language known as SGML

Front 20

web services

Back 20

universal, prefabricated business process software modules, delivered over the internet, that users select and combine thru almost any device, enabling sharing of data and services

Front 21

Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP)

Back 21

Integrate applications which cut across functional lines and create a single unified architecture.