Inflammatory Heart Disorders

Front 1

3 types of rheumatic heart disorders

Back 1

1. rheumatic fever
2. rheumatic heart disease
3. valvular heart disease

Front 2

rheumatic fever-most susceptible age and risk factors

Back 2

ages 5-15 most susceptible
risks: environmental factors-crowded living conditions, poor sanitation, poverty, genetics, immunodeficiency

Front 3

What is RHD and when does it occur?

Back 3

valvular dysfunction that occurs after acute or repeated attacks of RF

Front 4

Rheumatic fever caused by?
when do symptoms occur?

Back 4

caused by abnormal immunologic response to strep A antigens, inflammatory response occurs.
symptoms occur 2-3 weeks after initial pharyngeal infection

Front 5

4 common manifestations of rheumatic fever

Back 5

1. cardiac
2. musculoskeletal
3. skin
4. neurological

Front 6

cardiac signs of RF (3)

Back 6

1. carditis (CP, heart murmur, pericardial friction rub)
*involves all layers of heart and valvular dmg occurs

Front 7

musculoskeletal signs of RF (1)

Back 7

1. migratory polyarthritis (red, hot or swollen joints in knee/ankle/elbow/wrist)
*doesn't progress to chronic disease

Front 8

skin signs of RF (2)

Back 8

1. erythema marginatum (temp non-itchy rash w/ pale center & red margin)
*on trunk and extremities
2. subcutaneous nodules (painless pea-sized palpable nodules of wrists/elbows/ankle/knee joints)

Front 9

neurologic signs of RF (1)

Back 9

1. Sydenham's chorea (uncoordinated jerking movements affecting face/feet/hands)

Front 10

lab tests run for RF (4)

Back 10

1. elevated ESR
2. elevated c-reactive protein
3. titer
4. throat culture-positive for group A strep

Front 11

meds for RF (2)

Back 11

1. antibiotics-penicillin #1, erythromycin #2
*finish all meds, diarrhea and nausea common
2. anti-inflammatory drugs
*given for those patients w/ arthritis symptoms

Front 12

types of valve disease in adults (4)

Back 12

1. mitral stenosis
2. mitral regurgitation
3. aortic stenosis
4. aortic regurgitation

Front 13

common causes of valvular heart disease (3)

Back 13

1. degenerative disease (most common)
2. RHD
3. infective endocarditis

Front 14

4 charac of valve stenosis-what happens?

Back 14

1. valve leaflets fuse together & can't fully open/close
2. orifice of the valve is narrowed & rigid
3. increases pump effort
4. increases afterload

Front 15

2 charac of regurgitation-what happens?

Back 15

1. improper closing
2. blood refluxes back through the valve into area it just left

Front 16

3 disorders of mitral valve

Back 16

1. mitral valve stenosis
2. mitral valve regurgitation
3. mitral valve prolapse

Front 17

charac of mitral valve stenosis-what happens? (4)

Back 17

1. narrowed valve orifice
2. blood flow into LV impaired
3. increase LA workload
4. LA hypertrophy (dilates to accomadate higher blood volume b/c blood isn't getting thru to LV)
*pressure overload

Front 18

manifestations of mitral valve stenosis (5)

Back 18

1. DOE-blood can't get from lungs into heart & backs up into lungs
2. orthopnea
3. cough
4. paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea
5. murmur

Front 19

charac of mitral regurgitation-what happens? (2)

Back 19

1. backflow of blood into LA
2. LA dilation & hypertrophy
*volume overload

Front 20

manifestations of mitral regurgitation (4)

Back 20

1. DOE
2. orthopnea
3. pulmonary congestion
4. murmur

Front 21

charac of mitral valve prolapse

Back 21

1. one of both mitral valve cusps billow into LA during ventricular systole
2. affects women more often
3. asymptomatic

Front 22

disorders of aortic valve (2)

Back 22

1. aortic valve stenosis
2. aortic valve regurgitation

Front 23

charac of aortic stenosis (4)

Back 23

1. narrowed valve orifice
2. blood flow impaired from LV into aorta
3. increase LV workload
4. LV hypertrophy (dilates)
*pressure overload

Front 24

manifestations of aortic stenosis (3)

Back 24

1. DOE
2. angina
3. murmur

Front 25

charac of aortic regurgitation (2)

Back 25

1. backflow of blood into LV from aorta
2. LV dilation & hypertrophy

Front 26

manifestations of aortic regurgitation (2)

Back 26

1. dyspnea
2. chest pain

Front 27

diseased heart valve summary (4)

Back 27

1. stenosis & regurgitation
2. one problem may predominate
3. susceptible to infection
4. abnormal heart sounds

Front 28

treatments for valvular heart disease

Back 28

1. percutaneous balloon valvuloplasty
2. valvuloplasty
3. open commissurotomy
4. annuloplasty
5. valve replacement