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13 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Antigen Detection: Nucleic Acid Amplification |
Viral Load (HIV, Herpes) |
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Antigen Detection: Serology (antibodies) |
Not useful early in disease (body must mount response). Not always indicative of current infection. |
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Acute Phase Reactions: proteins that change by 25% with inflammation. Positive and Negative changes. |
* C-Reactive Protein (CRP)
* Serum Amyloid A (SAA) * Others – fibrinogen-MC, hepcidin, haptoglobin, alpha-1-antitrypsin, albumin, antithrombin |
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Interfering Factors of C-Reactive Protein |
Increased Levels: HTN High BMI DM Chronic infections Low HDL/ high triglycerides Smoking Estrogens and progesterones
Decreased Levels: Alcohol, Weight loss Exercise Niacin Statins |
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Interfering Factors of ESR |
Increased Levels: Pregnancy-elevated in 2nd and 3rd trimester Menstruation Dextran, OCPs, PCN, Vitamin A
Decreased Levels: Specimen stands longer than 3 hrs Polycythemia ASA, Cortisone, Quinine |
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Gram staining (Testing for Infection) |
* stains cell walls of bacteria:
* + are purple/blue * - are pink/red |
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General result analysis |
* 1 positive for common skin flora = negative
* Assume contaminated * 2 positive for common skin flora = ? * Both contaminated, or is common flora causing infx? * 1 positive for other (not common skin flora) = positive |
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Describe therapeutic lifestyle changes (TLC) in CHD |
* Dietary cholesterol <200 mg per day * Increased physical activity |
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What are the major risk factors for CHD |
High LDL-C Smoking HTN: BP ³ 140/90 mm Hg or on antihypertensive medication Low HDL-C: < 40 mg/dL* FHx of premature CHD (1st-degree relative): male < 55 years/ female < 65 years Age: male ³ 45 years/ female ³ 55 years |
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What are the limits for the High risk: CHD and CHD risk equivalents (10 year risk > 20%) |
LDL-C Goal: <100 mg/dL Initiate TLC: ≥100 mg/dL Consider Drug Therapy: ≥100 mg/dL
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What are the limits for the Moderately high risk: ≥2 risk factors (10 year risk 10-20%) |
LDL-C Goal: <130 mg/dL Initiate TLC: ≥130 mg/dL Consider Drug Therapy: ≥130 mg/dL |
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What are the limits for the Moderate risk: ≥2 risk factors (10 year risk <10%) |
LDL-C Goal: <130 mg/dL Initiate TLC <130 mg/dL Consider Drug Therapy ≥160 mg/dL |
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What are the limits for the Lower risk: 0-1 risk factor |
LDL-C Goal: <160 mg/dL Initiate TLC ≥160 mg/dL Consider Drug Therapy ≥190 mg/dL |
