Infectious Diseases Of Skin.....

Front 1

____ is a tough waterproof layer that is a natural defene of the skin.

Back 1

Keratin

Front 2

______ _____ is also an (ND of the S) and happens ever 20-40 days

Back 2

Skin sloughing

Front 3

_______ (also an ND of the S) has low pH and high lipid)

Back 3

Sebum

Front 4

_______ (also an ND of the S)has low pH, high salt

Back 4

Sweat

Front 5

__________ (in sweat)digests peptidoglycan.

Back 5

Lysozyme

Front 6

We have alot of normal skin flora T/F

Back 6

true(Proponibacterium acnes, Corynebacterium spp., Micrococcus spp., Staph. epidermis, Staph. aures, Streptococcus spp., yeasts, and many others)

Front 7

Propionibacterium acnes (normal skin flora) is a Gram __ , ____ shape that digests ______.

Back 7

+, rod, sebum (oil)

Front 8

Propionibacterium acnes causes this disease

Back 8

Acne

Front 9

Acne bacteria attracts _____ whose digestive ezymes cause lesions or "pus pockets"

Back 9

Neutrophils

Front 10

____ is the most common skin disease in humans. Oil-based cosmetics worsen the disease because they ________________.

Back 10

Acne, trap bacteria in pores

Front 11

Common Acne treatments are:

Back 11

Benzoyl peroxide (dries and kills),Tetracycline,and Accutane (inhibits sebum formation)

Front 12

Staph. aureus and Strep. pyogenes can both cause ____.It presents as peeling crusty skin and is ______ contagious.

Back 12

Impetigo, very

Front 13

This bacteria is the most treated pathogen.

Back 13

Staphylococcus aureus

Front 14

_____ is the diagnostic test for Staph. aureus.(a positive for this test)

Back 14

Coagulase

Front 15

These enzymes are virulence factors for Staph. aureus.

Back 15

Hyaluronidase,staphylokinase,coagulase,and lipases

Front 16

Streptococcus pyogenes can also cause

Back 16

Necrotizing Fasciitis or "flesh eating strep"

Front 17

Tissue digesting enzymes of S. pyogens are:

Back 17

hyaluronidase, streptokinase and streptolysins

Front 18

Necrotizing fasciitis starts with a localized infection, pain in the area and ___-____ symptoms, but is invasive and spreading. May lead to __ ___.

Back 18

flu-like, toxic shock

Front 19

Necrotizing fasciitis has a 30-70% mortality rate. _____ _____ of infected limbs is the only way to stop the progression.

Back 19

surgical removal

Front 20

Mycobacterium Leprae causes the disease____________.

Back 20

Leprosy

Front 21

Leprosy is a disease of the ___ and ______.

Back 21

skin and nerves

Front 22

Leprosy (also called Hansen's Disease) is a _______ progressing change of _______ and loss of _________.

Back 22

slow, pigmentation, sensation

Front 23

Mycobacterium leprae is an ___ ___ bacterium that is strictly parasitic.

Back 23

acid fast

Front 24

M. leorae multiplies in ______. It prefers cool areas of the body. Leprosy treatment requires a long course of _____.

Back 24

macrophages, antibiotic cocktail

Front 25

The animal host for L. Leprae are:

Back 25

Armidillos

Front 26

A virus infection of the skin presents as _______.

Back 26

rash

Front 27

Maculo-paplar rashes are _________________________.

Back 27

flat to slightly raised colored bumps

Front 28

4 viruses of the skin that present maculo-paplar rashes are:

Back 28

Measles, rubella,roseola,and Fith disease

Front 29

_______ is one of the most communicable viruses (infection thru _______)

Back 29

Measles, aerosol droplet

Front 30

The disease progression of measles is as follows:

Back 30

local inf. of lymph nodes of neck.> lymphocyt associated viremia,fever, malaise> spreads thru body>virus shed in respiratory tract secretions, Koplik's spots and skin rash>recovery and life-long immunity

Front 31

Measles is the leading cause of ____-_____ death among chidren.

Back 31

vaccine-preventable

Front 32

_____ is a viral infection through aerosol droplet that leads to systemic infection. It presents a mild rash (is serious for a fetus when contracted in the first trimester of pregnancy).

Back 32

Rubella

Front 33

rubella disrupts fetus development of the ____ and or other organs(Congenital Rubella Syndrome)

Back 33

CNS

Front 34

Viruses if the skin that present a vesicular or pustular rash are:

Back 34

Smallpox, chickenpox, Cold sores

Front 35

Varicella-Zoster causes _____

Back 35

Chickenpox

Front 36

Chickenpox is a begnign disease with life-long ______.

Back 36

Immunity (haha)

Front 37

Chickenpox may re-emerge as

Back 37

Shingles

Front 38

The disease progression of Chickenpox is as follows:

Back 38

Very much like measles except for the type of rash (vesicles) and recovery with virus latency in neurons)

Front 39

T/F shingles is contagious.

Back 39

true

Front 40

_____ is considered a bioterrorism agent.(virtually eliminated since 1979) 20th cemtury 3-5 million died per year.

Back 40

Smallpox

Front 41

_____ virus caused smallpox

Back 41

Variola

Front 42

The virulence factor of smallpox was that it was able to _______.

Back 42

dampen or avoid immune response

Front 43

_____ and ______ are mostly benign viral infections.

Back 43

Warts and Papillomas

Front 44

Warts and Papillomas are contracted by_____ ____.

Back 44

Contact transmission(formite transmission)

Front 45

A fungal diease is called a _____. A common one is _____.

Back 45

mycosis, ringworm

Front 46

Fungal conditions are called____ and are identified by their location on the body.

Back 46

tinea (scalp, beard,body,groin,foot,hand,nail)

Front 47

Virus infections of the eye include(and spread by contact with infected secretions):

Back 47

Herpesvirus keratitis, chlamydia trachomatis

Front 48

Chlamydia trachomatis can lead to _______.(spread by contact with infected secretions)

Back 48

blindness

Front 49

The main defense of the eye is:

Back 49

tears (produced by lacrimal glans)

Front 50

NS consists of CNS and PNS. NS has ____ _____ flora.

Back 50

no normal

Front 51

Natural defenses of the NS are: ___ and ____, ____ cells and ____ and finally the _ _ _.

Back 51

skull, vertebrae, microglial cells and macrophages, BBB

Front 52

In the NS, both ___, _____ and _____ can cause Meningitis and encephalitis.

Back 52

bacteria, viruses and parasites

Front 53

Viruses of the NS are:

Back 53

Arbo (arthropod-borne)(WNV)viruses, Rabies, and poliomyelitis

Front 54

Tetanus sends ______ to the brain over the ______.

Back 54

neurotoxins, BBB

Front 55

Haemophilus influenzae (type B), E. choli, and Strep. group B cause bacterial Meningitis in _______ and ________.

Back 55

Infants and newborns

Front 56

Streptococcus pneumoniae causes bacterial meningitis in age _____ to _______ and _____.

Back 56

1 month - 4 years, eldery (immunocompromised)

Front 57

Neisseria meningitidis causes bacterial meningitis in age______.

Back 57

18-25(college age)

Front 58

Strep. pneumonia has G --- diplococci, virulent strains are always _______ (sub unit vaccine used)

Back 58

-, encapsulated

Front 59

Neisseria meningitidis or Meningococcal Meningitis enters thru the ________ cavity. 2,500 die/yr (usa). we use a __-___ vaccine.

Back 59

nasal, sub-unit (induces opsonizing antibody to capsule)

Front 60

Naegleria fowleri causes _____ ________. It is a small free-living amoeba found in fresh warm water.

Back 60

Naegleria Meningoencephalitis

Front 61

Naegleria is a protozoan that feeds of bacteria but if introduced into the CNS........

Back 61

WILL EAT YOUR BRAINS (100% fatal)

Front 62

Naegleria initially infects the ___ ______. abrupt onset of symptoms are 3-10 days after exposure to ______.

Back 62

Nasal mucosa, water

Front 63

Naegleria presents as:

Back 63

Severe headache (duh), fever, stiff neck, dementia and coma (mortality 95%)

Front 64

Toxoplasma gondii causes______.

Back 64

Toxoplasmosis

Front 65

T. gondi is a ____ protozoan parasite that infects over 200 species of birds and animals. the primary reservoir is ____.

Back 65

flagellated , cats

Front 66

We ctract toxoplasmosis from contaminated ____ or ingestion of _____ in cat feces.

Back 66

meat, oocytes

Front 67

Toxoplasmosis causes serious disease in dev. fetus, serious for people with ______.

Back 67

aids

Front 68

Vector borne Encephalitis include:

Back 68

WNV, Equine En., Calif. En., La Crosse En.(these are acute viral En.)

Front 69

rabies and ____ virus are also considered acute viral en..

Back 69

polio

Front 70

Rabies infection comes from a ____ of a _________.

Back 70

bite of a rabid animal

Front 71

Virus of ragies travels from ___ to _____ via the nerves.

Back 71

bite to brain

Front 72

Rabies can be a fatal _______ disease.

Back 72

zoonotic

Front 73

Cycle for rabies is:

Back 73

bite>virus grows in muscle>virus enters sensory nerve endings>virus tralet to cort, then brain>virus grows in brain> travels out to salivary gland and is secreted.

Front 74

Carriers of Rabies are:

Back 74

Bats foxes raccons skunks

Front 75

Rabies virus is shaped like a _____ around nucleic acid.

Back 75

bullet

Front 76

Paralytic Poliomyelitis causes ___. It is a neurotropic viral infection acquired by ______

Back 76

Polio, ingestion

Front 77

______ is a paralytic spinal cord infection.

Back 77

polio

Front 78

Poliovirus, an "enterovirus" has an _________ capsid chell that protects it from digestion (gets past the stomach acid).

Back 78

icosahedral

Front 79

Tenanus has a unique ____ shape

Back 79

Tennis raquet

Front 80

Coccidioides immitis causes ___ ____.

Back 80

Valley Fever

Front 81

Valley fever usually is a flu-like illness but can spread to the ___, ___, and ____.

Back 81

bones, skin, and meninges (100,000 new cases/ yr)