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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is a nosocomial infection and some examples?
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Hospital based
S. Aureus C. Diff |
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What is direct transmission and how virulent are the bacteria that travel this way?
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Sexual, kissing, animal bite, transplacental, droplet infection.
Organisms transmitted via direct contact have MINIMAL ability to survive stressful environmental conditions |
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What is indirect transmission?
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Vector borne, air borne (aerosol - e.g. TB, measels) and Vehicle Borne (water, food, blood, surgical instruments)
Organisms have uique adaptation fir survival (spores, protozoan, worm eggs) |
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If patient presents with Thrush from Candida what should be considered?
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AIDS
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What is candidemia?
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One of the leading causes of fungus or yeast in the blood.
Most commonly caused by Candida Albicans Diagnosis is difficult as blood cultures are very insensitive 4th leading infection in ICU |
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What two professional pathogens are adapted exclusivelly to humans?
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Neisseria Gonorrhoeae, Treponema Pallidum
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What is an example of an organism adapted to both humans and birds/reptiles?
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Salmonella Typhimurium
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What is the most common cause of intra-abdominal infection?
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Two leading are Gram Negative E. Coli and Anaerobic B. Fragiles
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What is mainly responsible in skin and soft structure infections?
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Gram positive bacteria, mainly S. Aureus
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What do you need to treat a polymicrobial infection?
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Good antibiotic coverage for gram positive, gram negative and anaerobes
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What is the most important way to prevent spreading?
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Washing your hands, which the physicians are the biggest offenders of
Now starting to use alcohol wipes |
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Who is the father of hand asepsis?
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Semmelweis
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What is a Universial Precaution and what does it apply to?
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Prevent transmission of HIV, HBV, and other blood borne pathogens when providing health care.
Apply to blood, semen, vaginal secretions, CSF, synovial, pleural, peritoneal, pericardial and amniotic |
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What does NOT apply to Universal Precaution?
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Feces, nasal secretions, sputum, sweat, tears, urine, saliva, and vomit
UNLESS they contain VISBLE BLOOD |
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Diseases that could be elminated by 2030
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Chagas disease, dracunculiasis, leporsy, lymphatic filariasis, measles, onchocerciases and polyiomyelitis
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What is CA MRSA
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Community Acquired Methicllin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus
More virulent and often infect helathy young people, spreads like wildfire Looks like pinpooint spider bite Can cause Necrotizing Peneumonia and Necrotizing Fascitis Honey crust skin lesion w/pus |
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Difference between Isolate and Quarantine
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Isolate: Isolate a SICK patient
Quarantine: Restriction of movement of WELL persons presumed to be exposed |
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Mandatory quarantine for these diseases by LAW
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SARS, Cholera, Diphtheria, TB, Plague, Smallpox, Avian Influenza, Yellow Fever and Viral Hemoorhagic Fevor (Ebola)
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7 Internationally notifiable infectious diseases that must be reported to the World Health Organization
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Plague, Cholera, Yellow Fever, SARS, Novel Influenza, Wild Type Polio, Smallpox
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Leading cause of food borne gastroenteritis
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Campylobacter followed closly by Salmonela
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Four steps presented by the CDC to discourage overuse of ABX
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Prevent Infection
Diagnose and treat infection Use antimicrobials wisely Prevent transmission |
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What are the virulence factors of CA MRSA?
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PVL gene: Punches holes in WBC
Very different then Hospital Acquired; different origin, may have evolved from S. Epidermis |
