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89 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Rabies virus category
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Lyssa/Viral
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Rabies AKA
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Rhabdovirus
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Rabies transmission
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saliva, blood, open wound, scratch, bite
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Rabies infect cycle
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saliva - nearest nerve - CNS via perkinje fibers within cerebellum - forms negri bodies, which destroy brain cells
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Rabies infect period
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Clinical signs 10 days
Complete infectious period 1-7days Prepatent period 3wks - 2yrs (6mo) |
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Rabies vectors
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fox, skunk, raccoon, silver haired bat
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Rabies Clinical Signs
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Stage 1: Prodromal, behavioral changes (2-3d)
Stage 2: Furious, vicious/lunging, muscle tremors, incoordination Stage 3: Paralytic, paralysis sets in, death |
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Rabies Dx
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Microscopic exam of brain tissue
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Rabies Tx
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always fatal
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Rabies Prevention
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1st vaccinines given between 12-16 weeks of age; then boosters given every 1-3 years
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Lyme virus category
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Vector Borne/Viral
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Lyme AKA
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Borreliosis (causative agent: borielia burgdorferi)
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Lyme Transmission
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Deer Tick & its relatives (Ixodes)
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Lyme Infect cycle
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from bite into SQ tissue
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Lyme infect period
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after 7-21 days clinicals signs, protenuria & increase in WBC
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Lyme C/S
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fever, listlessness, anorexia, shifting leg lameness, swelling of joints, nephritis, uveitis.
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Lyme Dx
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antibody serial titers to reveal changes from day 1 to day 6 (ex: showing increase from 1:16 to 1:64), Western Blot can also be used to test for antigens (using blood smears or EDTA)
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Lyme Tx
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antibiotics for 21-28d - tetracyclines or pennicillin (however may lead to long term joint trauma after TX)
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Lyme prevention
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vaccinate - esp in west and sout west. Vaccine can also make it difficult to test for titers.
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Leptospirosis organism
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Bacteria
Leptospira (2 serovars: canicola and icterohemorrhagiae) |
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Lepto transmission
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shed in the urine of infected animals or via urine contaminated water. Personnel should wear gloves when cleanining cages (HIGHLY ZOONOTIC)
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Lepto infect cycle
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travels to the kidneys and in some cases to the liver
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Lepto infect period
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2-3 days after clinical signs start Poly-uria and Poly Dipthia, dehydration and low temp, orange urine may also be present.
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Lepto vectors
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contaminated unrine, fomites (cages). Outdoor/country dogs are often exposed to contaminated waste
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Lepto C/S
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after 4-12 days depression, fever, V/D .
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Lepto Dx
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urine sample, ELISA (look for serial titer increase), MAT (microscopic agglutination) and PCR (for DNA of organism)
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Lepto Prevention
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IV antibiotics, fluid therapy to flush kidneys, diuretics for 14days
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Ehrlichiosis organism
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Rickettsia
Ehrlichia Canis |
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Ehrlichiosis Transmission
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Brown Dog Tick
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Ehrlichiosis infect cycle
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invades lymph>dpleen>bone marrow - causes decrease in RBC ans wipes out platelets. If left untreated can develop Pancytopenia (needing multiple blood transfusions)
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Ehrlichiosis infect period
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2-3 days after clinical signs start Poly-uria and Poly Dipthia, dehydration and low temp, orange urine may also be present.
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Ehrlichiosis C/S
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fever, depression, icterus (inc billiruben), enlarged lymph, stiff/lameness, bleeding from the nose
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Ehrlichiosis Dx
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ELISA (titer for Ehrlichia antibodies
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Ehrlichiosis Tx
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intense antiobiotics: Pennecillin, tetracyclines, enrofloxacin
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Ehrlichiosis Prevention
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no vaccine. Ridding the dog's environemnt of ticks and/or low doses of tetracycline during tick season.
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FIP AKA
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Feline Infectious Peritonitis
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FIP organism
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Enteric Corona/ Viral
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FIP transmission
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oral-fecal
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FIP infect cycle
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blood transfusions) 2-3 weeks for immune respond to the presence of infection. Brown Dog Tick fever, depression, icterus (inc billiruben), enlarged lymph, stiff/lameness, bleeding from the nose ELISA (titer for Ehrlichia antibodies) intense antiobiotics: Pennecillin, tetracyclines, enrofloxacin no vaccine. Ridding the dog's environemnt of ticks and/or low doses of tetracycline during tick season.
8 FIP 96-97% mortality rate Enteric Corona/ Viral Feline Infectious Peritonitis oral-fecal ENT-CO: virus mutates and travels to > GI Tract> then to macrophages> lymph> tissue. The body either mounts a cell mediated immune response (T-cells kill) or a humoral immune response (B-cells over rx) If FIP develops then |
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FIP infect period
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5-14 day incubation period; can last on a fomite for up to 7days.
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FIP vectors
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fomites, multiple cat households or stressful shelter environment.
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FIP C/S
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"wet" - massive abdominal effusion (straw colored viscous fluid or emaciation)
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FIP Dx
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only definitive DX via tissue isolation (IFA) or biopsy of granuloma. abdominal centisis to detect straw colored viscous fluid assoc with "wet" form.
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FIP Tx
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human "interferon" (steroid) has some effect of prolonging life (6months -1year) also abdominal centisis used to treat "wet" form.
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FIP Prevention
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vaccinate in 2-4 weekd intervals with annual boosters.
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FELV AKA
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Feline Leukemia Virus
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FELV organism
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retrovirus
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FELV transmission
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oral-nasal (saliva); transplacental
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FELV infect cycle
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stage 1 - day 3-21: invades local lymph and body begins to mount immune response to dz. Stage 2 - day 28: invades lymphocytes/monocytes (may still be ELISA neg). Stage 3 - day 29?: invades spleen and other lymphnodes and sometimes liver - will be ELISA pos+
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FELV vectors
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outdoor cats prone and those from shelters with unknown hx
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FELV C/S
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depressed, poor doer, FUO, wt. loss, anemia, icterus
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FELV Dx
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ELISA and IFA testing: ELISA+ animals should be retetsed with IFA to determine final DX due to possible immune response mounted 2-3 months after ELISA+ DX. ELISA+ and IFA- =discordant ELISA+ and IFA+ = active viremia or BM/Lymph cancer. ELISA- and IFA+ = virus only in BM and/or saliva.
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FELV Tx
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supportive care, monitoring and retesting
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FELV prevention
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vaccinate: MERIAL intradermal (epidermis/dermis/SQ tissues)
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FIV AKA
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Feline Immunosuppresent Virus
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FIV organism
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retrovirus
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FIV transmission
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bite wound from other cats.
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FIV infect period
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Incubation period may last as long as 6 years. Virus may be present in cat up to two years before test are positive.
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FIV vectors
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Bite wounds from infected cats usually received during fights
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FIV C/S
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depressed, poor doer, FUO, abscess/infection, stomatitis,
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FIV Dx
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ELISA
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FIV prevention
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vaccinate
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Parvovirus AKA
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Canine-Parvovirus / CPV
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Parvo organism
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non-envelope virus
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Parvo transmission
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Oral-Fecal Transmission Very hearty, can survive for up to 18 months on a fomite
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Parvo infect cycle
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Travels to the lymph nodes and the crypts of the intestinal villi - breaks down the barrier the barrier of normal flora and produces toxins in the crypts causing inflammation. May attack heart muscle in extreme cases.
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Parvo infect period
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5-9 Day Incubation Period
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Parvo vectors
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May last 18 months on fomites. Need to clean using 1:30 of bleach to water
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Parvo C/S
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Depression, Anorexia, F.U.O., Bloody Diarrhea, Vomiting
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Parvo Dx
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Parvo snap test / Parvo antigen test
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Parvo Tx
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IV fluids
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Parvo prevention
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Multiple agent vaccine given at 8, 12 and 16 weeks of age
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Distemper AKA
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Canine Distemper Virus (CDV)
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Distemper transmission
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Feces, Saliva, Ocular, Urine and Respiratory Secretions
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Distemper infect cycle
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Virus invades respiratory system where it reproduces. Can also invade nervous system in extreme cases - in these cases recovery is unlikely.
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Distemper infect period
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Virus shed for 6-7 weeks. Infection spreads from respiratory tract to other parts of body after 2-3 weeks if no immune response exists.
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Distemper vectors
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Coyotes, Ferrets, Minks, Racoons, Skunks, Foxes
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Distemper C/S
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Depend on the strain - occular and nasal discharge, respiratory distress, coughing, diarrhea, vomiting, GI problems, pneumonia, seizures, jaw twitching, keratinization of foot pads and nose
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Distemper Dx
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Evaluation of vaccine history, test blood over a period of a few weeks to detect any rising levels of distemper antibodies, definitive Dx can be made by identifying the presense of inclusion bodies in cells and tissues microscopically
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Distemper Tx
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No specific therap - supportive care to minimize stress and maintain the need fluids and nutrition
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Distemper prevention
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Protection through antibodies transmitted via colustrum, vaccination should begin at 6-8 weeks with boosters given every 2-3 weeks until 14-16 weeks of age
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Kennel Cough organism
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Infectious Tracheao Bronchitis, Bordatella bronchiseptica, Parainfluenza, Adenovirus, Mycoplasma
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Kennel Cough transmission
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Aerosol or Mucus Membrane routes
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Kennel Cough infect cycle
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Primary invaders such as B.b. or Adenovirus invade upper-respiratory tract followed by secondary infections such as Mycoplasma
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Kennel cough infect period
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Dry coughing can last only days or may persist for many weeks
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Kennel cough C/S
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dry hacking cough, mild dyspnaea, rare occular discharge, can still be bright/alert/responsive regardless
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Kennel cough Dx
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Blood count, chest x-rays, fluid sample from trachea, general history and physical exam are adequate to make presumptive diagnosis
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Kennel Cough Tx
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Antibiotics - tetracycline and short-term use of cough suppressants
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Kennel Cough prevention
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Intra-nasal vaccines and periodic boosters when placed in kennel situation - non-core, meaning non-annual needed vaccine
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