Infectious Disease

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kissing disease

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Epstein-Barr
mononucleosis

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can cause Burkitt's lymphoma, B-cell leukemia, Hodgkin's lymphoma and nasopharyngeal cancer

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Epstein-Barr
mononucleosis

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infects the B cell and illness manifestations are from T cell and natural killer cell inflammatory response

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Epstein-Barr
mononucleosis

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average survival times after symptoms = 4 days

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Rabies

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bite inoculates, replicates in muscle and spread to the PNS to ascend in the spinal cord to infect the brain, eyes, salivary glands and other organs

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Rabies

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caused by Borrelia burgdoferi

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Lyme disease

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affects 5-9 year olds and 50-54 year olds

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Lyme disease

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transmitted via the Idoxes tick, tick must be attached for 48-72 hours

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Lyme disease

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caused by Rickettsia rickettsii

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RMSF

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transmitted by the Dermacentor variabilis (dog tick) and the Dermacentor andersoni (wood tick)

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RMSF

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must remained attached for 6-10 hours to transmit

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RMSF

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Giant intestinal roundworm, "Ascaris lumbricoides"

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Ascariasis

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caused by inadequate sanitation, and contact with contaminated feces, contaminated veggies and direct hand to mouth

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Ascariasis

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Eggs swallowed, reach small intestine and hatch, migrate to hepatic portal (1-2dpi), enter lungs and cause cough (5-6dpi), then are swallowed and reach small intestine again to mature and lay eggs (50-55dpi)

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Ascariasis

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caused by taenia solium

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Cysticercosis

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contracted from eating eggs in contaminated food or encysted larvae in undercooked pork

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Cysticercosis

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ingested and hatch or are released in stomach, migrate to intestine to mature, larvae can penetrate the intestine and enter to blood to encyst in the brain, muscles, heart eye or spine

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Cysticercosis

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MC worm infection in the temperate zone, very common in children

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Enterobiasis
"pinworm"

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caused by enterobius vermicularis, humans are only host, transmitted by foot, hands, bedding, clothing and fomites

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Enterobiasis
"pinworm"

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ingest eggs, hatch in small intestine, migrate to large intestine, females crawl out at night to lay eggs, eggs remain on skin and hatch then crawl back in to mature or are removed from skin and remain on fomites to infect others that come into contact

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Enterobiasis
"pinworms"

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Ancylostoma duodenale and Nectar americanus
Found in stool contaminated with human feces- humans are only host

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Hookworm

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penetrate skin, carried by blood to pulmonary capillaries, are carried to mouth and swallowed, attach to small intestine to suck blood, mature females lay eggs which are eliminated by feces

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Hookworm

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Trichnella spiralis

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Trichinosis

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larvae infected skeletal and cardiac muscle

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Trichinosis

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Toxoplasma gondii

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Toxoplasmosis

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concern in patients with HIV and pregnant patients, from cats

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Toxoplasmosis

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immature oocyte is shed in cat feces, sporocyte will develop in animal when ingested, forms cyst in tissue, humans eat undercooked meat and become infected

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Toxoplasmosis

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1st trimester: 15% transmission and severe consequences
3rd trimester: 60% transmission and milder consequences

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Toxoplasmosis

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transmitted by the Anopheles mosquito

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Malaria

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most common agent is Plasmodium vivax

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Malaria

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most severe agent is Plasmodium falciparum

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Malaria

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mosquito ingests parasite, sporozoites mature, transferred to human through bite, incubation period is 8-60 days

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Malaria

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once in the body, travels to the liver and invades hepatocytes, sporozoites mature to schizonts, liver cell ruptures and releases merozoites, invade RBC'c and multiply, cycle takes 48-72 hours

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Malaria

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gram negative cocobacillus bacterium, children under 1 have increased risk for severe infection, half of all cases occur before age 2, accounts for 25% of coughs lasting over 1 week

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Bordetella pertussis

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transmitted via respiratory droplets, 7-10 incubation period, highly contagious, 3 stages

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Bordetella pertussis

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gram positive bacilus, Cornebacterium diptheria

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Diphtheria

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attacks respiratory tract, toxins cause progressive deterioration, direct person-person physical and respiratory contact

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Diptheria

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incubation period 14-24 days, incidence highest in the spring, MC in children

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Mumps

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trasmitted by droplets of saliva or mucus, contagious 1-7 days before parotid swelling and 9 days after

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Mumps

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Togavirus RNA, 2004 congenital and acquired forms eliminated from US

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Rubella
"German Measles"

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exposure 14-21 days before onset, transmitted via direct contact w/ droplets of nasopharyngeal secretions, contagious 7 days before and 5 days after rash onset, can cross placental border

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Rubella
"German Measles"

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leading cause of pancreatitis in children

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Mumps

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caused by neurotoxin tetanospasmin and elaborated by C. tetani, spores found in the soil

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Tetanus

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interferes with NT at spinal synapses of inhibitory neurons, minor stimuli result in uncontrolled spasms, reflexes are exaggerated

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Tetanus

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high mortality rate w/ short incubation periods, early onset of convulsions and delay of treatment

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Tetanus