Infectious Disease #2

Front 1

Small Pox

Back 1

Large DNA virus
Eradicated
Not doomsday virus

Front 2

Glycosylation

Back 2

adding of sugars

Front 3

Phosphorylation

Back 3

adding of phosphate group

Front 4

Proteolysis

Back 4

breaking down of proteins

ex. Protease

Front 5

HIV

Back 5

single stranded RNA virus
9 genes (influenza has 8)
a retrovirus
reverse transcriptase- RNA>DNA

Front 6

Cells targeted by HIV

Back 6

CD4+ T Cells= T Helper Cells
CD4+ macrophages- presentation to T cells

Front 7

HIV mutates a lot

Back 7

reverse transcriptase is a very sloppy enzyme

Front 8

3 targets of HIV drugs

Back 8

PA- protective antigen
LF-Lethal Factor (breaks down MAP kinase)
EF- Edema Factor (adenylate cyclase- makes cAMP)

Front 9

9 genes of HIV

Back 9

make 19 proteins

Front 10

HIV glycoprotein 120 (gp120)

Back 10

attaches to CD4 receptor on T helper cell

Front 11

Steps in HIV cycle targeted by drugs

Back 11

Reverse Transcriptase
Integrase
Protease (prevents cleavage and budding of by virus)

Front 12

Interferons

Back 12

-proteins that interfere with viruses ability to affect other cells
- increase resistance of other cells to viral infection by activating the destruction of viral dsRNA and inhibiting protein synthesis/translation by virus
-increase activity of natural killer cells to include killing the viral infected cells
-increase the expression of NK ligands on infected cells

Front 13

Cell Mediated Immunity

Back 13

T helper cells and Tc

Front 14

Humoral immunity

Back 14

B cells and Antibodies

Front 15

Why is a HIV vaccine so hard to produce?

Back 15

HIV can mutate quickly and frequently
When killed HIV does not retain its antigenecity
HIV infection is through genes not muscle

Front 16

3 domains of life

Back 16

Bacteria
Archae
Eucaryota

Front 17

p41

Back 17

p-protein
41-molecualr protein

Front 18

Pro-inflammatory Cytokines/interleukons

Back 18

Vascular Permeability- localized swelling to redness, extralasation of phagocytosis
Liver
Hypothalamus
Fat/Muscle
Bone Marrow

Front 19

Liver

Back 19

Complement proteins (directly kill/lyse bacteria and coat microbes) produced
-acute phase proteins

Front 20

Hypothalamus and Fat/Muscle

Back 20

Fever- microbial replication decreases and immune responses increase

Front 21

Bone Marrow

Back 21

increase mobilization and production of neutrophils

Front 22

Kinases

Back 22

phosphorylate other proteins

Front 23

Dengue Fever

Back 23

infection through mosquitos
that can carry as much as 4 subtypes of the virus
other from mosquito to man
no vaccine
high fever
low white blood cell count
fatal second round

Front 24

EBV

Back 24

Epstein Barr Virus
almsot everyone comes in contact with it
common with mononucleosis and cancer (lymphoma)
requires intimate contact

Front 25

Rabies

Back 25

passed through direct saliva contact
not curable
very rare
RNA virus
replicates/binds to muscle cells
vaccination available
almost always fatal if vaccine is not administered

Front 26

Pathogenesis of TB

Back 26

involves infection of macrophages in the lungs

Front 27

Bacterial Conjugation

Back 27

allows for genetic material exchange via plasmids

Front 28

Botulism

Back 28

Common in environment
dangerous when grown in anaerobic and low pH environments like cans of foods
treated with botulism antitoxin (serum therapy)

Front 29

Anthrax

Back 29

Large, Bacillus, gram positive
sensitive to penicillin

Front 30

Anthrax incidents

Back 30

Kameido Facility
Sarin

Front 31

Protists, Protozoa

Back 31

responsible for malaria and trypanosomiasis (African sleeping sickness from testse fly)

Front 32

Fungi

Back 32

mostly pathogenic to those with a suppressed immune system

Front 33

RBC invasion

Back 33

key and deadly stage of malaria

Front 34

Trypanosomiasis

Back 34

surface proteina and antigen variation makes it difficult for immune system to handle

Front 35

Phagocytes (macrophages and neutrophils)

Back 35

have receptors that facilitate phagocytosis process

Front 36

Activation of toll like receptors

Back 36

leads to specific expression of genes coding for defense proteins

Front 37

west nile virus

Back 37

spherical mosquito virus that has 20 sides
mosquitos feed on migrating birds (robin)
7 strains
blood transfusion/organ transplant necessary if serious
texan strain is most severe
less severe is african strain
no vaccine

Front 38

HPV

Back 38

human papaloma virus
connected with cervical cancer
most common std in the world
found in genital warts cervical cancer, cancer in general
few symptoms
100 different types
HPV 16 and 18 are most common
virus takes over cells and tumor develops
covered y protein shell capsule
vaccine is called guardasil