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10 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Mycobacterium Tuberculosis |
•Waxy coating--> resistant to Gram staining •Spreads through aerosol droplets •VERY prevalent and VERY infectious •Reservoir: humans •Grows in lungs •2 stages: latent and active •Diagnosis: tuberculin skin test or X-ray •Takes a long time to treat (6-9 mo) |
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Lassa mammarenavirus (Lassa Fever) |
•Enveloped, ambisense and nonlytic lifestyle •Hemorrhagic fever •Reservoir: mastomys rat (feces or urine) •Low fatality rate •Diagnosis: ELISA •Hides in macrophages •Endemic in Africa (Similar to Ebola and Marburg viruses) •Linked to poor hygiene |
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Listeria monocytogenes (Listeriosis) |
•CAN SURVIVE REFRIGERATION AND FREEZING •Rare but serious food poisoning •Caramel apples, cantaloupes, cold-smoked salmon, etc. •Low prevalence, 20% mortality rate, 1/4 pregnancies lost •Quick onset (6-46 hours) •Sepsis or meningitis/encephalitis •Present in soil, passed to food through feces, milk, or urine of animals •Facultative intracellular parasite •Diagnosis: blood test, PCR, etc. •PASTEURIZATION AND COOK THINGS |
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Vibrio Cholerae |
•CHOLERA TOXIN (CTX) •Hella diarrhea •Diagnosis: agglutination •Linked with poor sanitation, more common in Africa, Asia, and Australia •Contaminated food or water •Maintained by human activity (migration, pollution of environment with feces) •Multidrug resistance •Bayesian phylogenetic approach |
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Leishmania {several species} (Leishmaniasis) |
•2 life cycle structures: amastigotes (nonmotile, cause infection) and promastigotes (motile) •Vector: female sandfly •Rural areas •Most commonly cutaneous •Afghanistan, Algeria, and Brazil highest •Skin sores (start as papules or nodules and turn into ulcers) left with scars •Diagnosis: tissue samples •Most of the parasites are killed by complement factors •Avoid sandfly bites |
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West Nile Virus |
•Vector: mosquito •Most infected people don't feel sick •Diagnosis: antibody testing •Reservoir: birds •Humans and horses get it, but can't infect others •North American BBS (breeding bird survey) •Bayesian hierarchical regression fit •American crows affected the most |
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Zika Virus |
•Vector: aedes aegypti mosquitos •Majority is asymptomatic or flu-like •Babies born with microcephaly •4 life stages: egg, larva, pupa, adult •Zika virus found in Florida, from the Caribbean via cruise ships •Diagnosis: qRT-PCR •Amplicon-based sequencing •Bayesian phylogenetic analysis |
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Ebola Virus |
•Huge fatality rate (78%) •Hemorrhagic fever •Ebola river, Zaire, Africa •Bodily fluids |
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Andes orthohantavirus (Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome) |
•Four corners disease /Sin nombre virus •Diagnosis: ELISA, PCR, chest X-ray •Enveloped virus with 3 strands: small, medium, and large •High mortality rate (40%) •Reservoir: rodents (inhaled from scat,urine, or saliva --> cleaning old dirty sheds) such as deer mice •Can get it from contact or bites •Found in the Americas •Host ribosomes used to replicate |
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Yellow Fever Virus |
•Africa •Vector: aedes aegypti mosquitos •Encephalitis •jaundice •2 phases: most don't show symptoms after 4 days. More toxic phase, half die within 10 days Diagnosis: PCR •Vaccine, avoid mosquitos |
