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45 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Symbiotic relationship
-benefits both |
mutualism
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Symbiotic relationship
- benefits one, neither benefits nor harms other |
Commensalism
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Symbiotic relationship
- benefits one, harms other |
Parasitism
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A parasite that causes disease
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Pathogen
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Microbes that colonize the surfaces of the body without normally causing disease.
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Normal microbiota
-aka normal flora, indigenous microbiots |
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Part of normal flora throughout life
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Resident microbiota
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Cannot persist in the body and remain in the body for only hours- months
-in same regions as microbiota |
Transient microbiota
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Normal microbiota (or other harmless microbes) that have become harmful due to changing conditions in the body including:
-immune suppression -perturbation of normal microbiota -intro of normal microbiota to unusual site |
Opportunistic Pathogens
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The mere presence of microbes in or on the body
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Contamination
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Results when a pathogenic organism has evaded the body's external defenses, multiplies, and become established in the body
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Infection
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Process by which microorganisms and viruses attach themselves to cells
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Adhesion
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Surface proteins that enable bacteria to bind to complementary receptors on host cells
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Adhesins (Ligands)
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Results only if the invading pathogen alters the normal functions of the body
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Infectious disease
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Subjective characteristics felt by the patient
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Symptoms
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Objective manifestations of disease that can be observed or measured by others
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Signs
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Group of symptoms and signs that characterize a disease or abnormal condition
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Syndrome
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Infections that lack symptoms but may still have signs of infection
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Asymptomatic (subclinical)
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Ability of a microorganism to cause disease
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Pathogenicity
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Degree of pathogenicity
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Virulence
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-adhesion factors
-extracellular enzymes -toxins -antiphagocytic factors contribute to.. |
Virulence
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Dissolve structural chemicals, cause proteins to clot- enable bacteria to hide from immune response
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Extracellular enzymes
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CHemicals-directly harm host tissues
trigger immune responses that cause damage |
Toxins
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toxins in the bloodstream carried beyond the site of infection
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Toxemia
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block phagocytosis by the host's phagocytic cells
bacterial capsule |
Antiphagocytic factors
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The Disease Process
-no signs or symptoms (beginning) |
Incubation Period
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The Disease Process
-vague, general symptoms |
Prodromal Period
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The Disease Process
-most severe signs and symptoms |
Illness
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The Disease Process
-declining signs and symptoms |
Decline
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The Disease Process
-no signs or symptoms (end) |
Convalescense
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sites where pathogens are maintained as a source of infection
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Reservoirs of Infection
-animal -human -nonliving |
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Diseases that are naturally spread from their usual animal host to humans
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Zoonoses
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study of where and when diseases occur and how they are transmitted within populations
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Epidemiology
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number of NEW cases of a disease in a given area during a given period of time
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Incidence
-measure occurrence |
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number of TOTAL cases of a disease in a given area during a given period of time
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Prevalence
-measure occurence |
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relatively stable incidence within a population or area
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Endemic
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Few scattered cases within a population or area
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Sporadic
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occurs at a greater frequency than is usual for a given area or population
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Epidemic
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simultaneous epidemics on multiple continents
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Pandemics
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Careful tabulation of data concernin a disease
-record location and time -collect patient info -identify index case |
Descriptive epidemiology
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involved testing a hypothesis concerning cause of the disease
-app if Koch's postulates -test efficacy of new preventative measure |
Experimental epidemiology
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determine probable cause, mode of transmission, develop new preventative measures
-data from descriptive and analytical -often retrospective |
Analytical epidemiology
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Infections acquired while in a health care facility
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Nosocomial Infections
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Pathogen aquired form a health care environment
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Exogenous
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pathogen arise from normal microbiota due to factors within the health care setting
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Endogenous
-chemotherapy |
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infection a direct result of a modern medical procedure
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Iatrogenic
- catheters, surgery |
