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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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What are other hip conditions/differentials? (5) |
-Rhabdomyosarcoma -Osteomyelitis -Cellulitis -Abcess -Proximal focal femoral deficiency (PFFD) |
1.R 2.O 3.C 4.A 5.P |
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With the Pavlik harness, the hip should be positioned in flexion, with... |
Abduction and external rotation |
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Is a hip in which the femoral head is displaced out of the acetabulum and cannot be reduced. |
A dislocated hip |
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What does it mean when the hip makes a "click" sound? |
It does not conclude hip displacement |
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What does it mean when the hip makes a "clunk" sound? |
Is diagnosis for hip displacement |
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A normal infant has a Graf alpha angle of... |
>60 degrees |
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The patient is in supine position with their hip flexed 90 degrees and adducted with downward and outward pressure. |
The Barlow Maneuver |
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What are the two basic Maneuvers that are helpful in diagnosing DDH? |
Barlow Maneuver and Ortolani Maneuver |
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The Barlow Maneuver determines... |
If the hip can be dislocated |
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The Ortolani Maneuver determines... |
If the dislocated femoral head can be reduced back into the acetabulum. |
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What are the physical hip evaluations early signs? (3) |
1. Limitation of abduction 2. Asymmetry of skin folds prominence of trochanter 3. Shortening of femur |
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In a transverse image how does a normal hip appear? |
(The echoes from the bony acetabulum appear posterior to the femoral head), and in the normal hip, a "U" configuration is produced. |
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The sonographic appearance of the femoral head location is described as... (3) |
normal, subluxed, or dislocated |
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What type of transducer is used for the hip? |
High frequency linear-array transducer |
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How many MHz should be use when examining a premature neonate hip? |
12-15 MHz |
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How many MHz for hips of an average weight neonate up to 3 months of age? |
7.5 - 9 MHz |
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How many MHz to examine the hips of an infant that is 3-7 months? |
5.0 - 7.5 MHz |
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How many MHz to examine the hips of an infant that are over 7 months? |
3 MHz |
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What are the indications for sonographic hip examination? (4) |
1.Presence of risk factors for developmental displacement of hip 2. Abnormal hip examination 3. Evaluation of response to treatment 4. Breech birth |
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What are the risk factors for developmental displacement of the hip? (5) |
- breech - females affected 2.5 more than males - left hip affected 64% of time - more common among first born children - more common with family history of DDH |
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Movement of adduction: |
Moving sideways inward (Example of hip adduction is crossing your legs when in a seated position an action performed by the adductor group muscles) |
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What is the movement of abduction? |
Moving sideways outward (The gluteus medius and minimus muscles open the limbs) |
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What are the movements of flexion? |
Bending foward |
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What are the movements of extension? |
Bending backwards |
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What are the primary flexors of the hip? (3) |
1. Psoas major 2. Iliacus 3. Rectus femoris |
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What are all the movements of the hips called? (6) |
- flexion - extention - abduction - adduction - medial rotation - lateral rotation |
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What is the powerful muscle extensor of the hip called? |
Gluteus Maximus |
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How much of the femoral head should be covered by the labrum? |
Approximately 2/3 |
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Is a rim of fibrocartilage that surrounds the acetabulum. |
The acetabular labrum |
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The articulation of the head of the femur and cupped by the acetabulum of the pelvic bone forms the... |
Ball-and-socket hip joint |
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How does the fetus head look in ultrasound? How many weeks does it take to ossify? |
-It appears as a large hypoechoic circle. - May ossify as early as 4 weeks, but typically between 3 and 8 months |
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Ossification begins centrally, but who often shows early ossification boys or girls? |
Girls often show earlier ossification than boys. |
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The femur is surrounded by... (3) |
- muscles - ligaments - tendons |
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What 2 structures articulate to form the hip joint? |
The head articulates with the hip bone to form the hip joint. |
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The hip bones are the fusion of three separate bones: (together they form the pelvic girdle) |
Ilium, ischium, and pubis |
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