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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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First Country in India
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The Portuguese. Vasco de Gama 1st to discover
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Monopoly
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complete control over market or product
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East India Company (EIC)
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Administrator= Robert Clive
Gained control over most of India British ruled India through the EIC |
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Sepoys
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Indian troops who served in the British Army
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The Sepoy Rebellion
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1857- Rumor said that the rifle cartridges were greased with beef or pork fat. To Hindus Cow= Sacred
To Muslims Pigs= Untouchable Rebellion was settled quickly |
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India as a colony
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After the Sepoy Rebellion Britain imposed new rules: princes who governed their own kingdoms had to sign treaties that gave Britain some control, baned ritual suicide, created a court system. Indians became resentful towards the British
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Effects of British Rule
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Good: improved roads, modernized ports, built railroads, & telegraphs
Bad: Destroyed Indian culture, famines |
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Indian Nationalism
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Strongest amoung educated, learned about free worlds. INC was formed (Indian National Congress). After WWI Gandhi took over.
Muslim Leage under leadership of Muhammad Ali Jinnah |
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Amritsar Massacre
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10,000 Indians peacefully gathered in a public area. General Dyer, alone, ordered troops to open fire on the crowd killing 379 and wounding 1,100 including women and childern
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Mohandas Gandhi
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Disagreed with the caste system, called the untouchables children of God, believed in nonviolence, and that truth, peace, and love overrules violence.
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Satyagraha
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"truth force", nonviolence resistance to end injustice.
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Civil disobedience
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the refusal to obey unjust laws, started by David Thoreau
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The Salt March
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When the British heavily taxed salt, Gandhi led a march to the coast gathering thousands of people along the way. They were haeaded to the coast to get salt from the ocean. 50,000 Indians were arrested. They were quickly released b/c the British could imprison that many people
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Hindu-Muslim conflict
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Muslims feared that their rights would not be respected in a country dominated by Hindus.
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Indian Independence Act
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1947- GB couldn't afford India after WWII, ended the British rule, and divided India. One nation was Hindu dominated and the other was Muslim dominated. This led to violance because millions of Muslim migrated to their new country. More than 500,000 people died in the fighting
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Partition
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(esp. with reference to a country with separate areas of government) The action or state of dividing or being divided into parts.
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The new Indian government
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Wrote a constitution which set up 25 states and 7 territories, divides power between federal and state power, president appoints state governments. President has little power, real power lies in the hands of the political party that wins the most seats in Parliment. Leader of the party becomes the prime minister. Has two houses.
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Parliamentary democracy
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government ruled democratically by a national representative body that has supreme legislative powers.
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Upper House
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Rajya Sabha or Council of State. Its members are chosen by the state legislature.
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Lower House
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Lok Sabha or House of the People. Was more powerful. Voters elect members directly
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Bharata Janata Party (BJP)
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grew stronger than previous political party the Congress Party. in teh 1990s BJP led a coalition government.
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Coalition
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When several parties join together to rule. If no party wins a majority in elections a coalition is formed
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The Caste System
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the caste system poses problems as india seeks to modernize. The Indian constitution outlawed untouchability adn set aside government jobs for people in this caste
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The Sikh
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The Sikhism religion is a blend of both Islam and Hinduism. Sikhs felt that in a Hindu dominated country they didn't receive enough government resources. They want to break away and form their own country. Sikh extremists have caused violence in India.
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Jawaharlal Nehru
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ruled India for 17 years after its independence. Wanted to modernize India and make it a secular, and casteless country.
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Secular
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A country with no official religion
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Indira Gandhi
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Nehru's duaghter and successer. She too tried to modernize India. She was assassinated.
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Rajiv Gandhi
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Indra's son and successor. He too was assassinated.
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