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64 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
List the two dorsal cavities of the posterior region of the trunk.
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Cranial cavity and vertebral cavity.
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List the five regions of the posterior surface of the trunk named for the corresponding vertebrae in the spinal column.
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Cervical region, thoracic region, lumbar region, sacral region, coccyx.
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List the three ventral cavities of the anterior region of the trunk.
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Thoracic cavity, abdominal cavity, pelvic cavity.
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List the visceral contents of the thoracic cavitiy.
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Heart, lungs, thymus gland, trachea, and esophagus.
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List the visceral contents of the abdominal cavity.
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Liver, kidneys, spleen, pancreas, stomach, and intestines.
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List the visceral contents of the pelvic cavity.
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Bladder, internal reproductive organs, and part of the large intestines.
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List the nine regions of the abdomen.
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Right hypochondriac, epigastric, left hypochondriac, right lumbar, umbilical, left lumbar, right iliac, hypogastric, and left iliac.
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What are the viscera?
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Internal organs of the thoracic, abdominal, and pelvic cavities that are considered to be under involuntary control.
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What are the two types of membranes associated with the regions of the trunk and their purpose?
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Parietal membranes line the body cavities and visceral membranes cover the visceral organs.
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What are the somatic organs and tissues?
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Often voluntarily controlled skin and skeleton parts (i.e. bone, skeletal muscles, extremities, and the body wall).
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Name the position in which the body stands upright with the feet slightly apart, arms hanging at the sides, palms facing forward, and thumbs outward.
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Anatomic position.
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Name the position in which the body stands upright with the feet slightly apart, arms hanging at the sides, palms facing sides of body, and thumbs forward.
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Functional position.
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Descride the body in the erect position.
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Standing.
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Name the position in which the body lies horizontally with the face up.
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Supine position.
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Name the position in which the body lies horizontally with the face down.
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Prone position.
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Name the position in which the body lies horizontally on the right or left side.
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Lateral recumbent position.
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What is the sagittal plane?
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A vertical plane that divides the body into left and right parts.
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What is the difference between a midsagittal plane and a parasagittal plane?
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Midsagittal plane divides into equal parts and the parasagittal plane divides into unequal parts.
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What is the frontal plane?
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A vertical plane that divides the body into anterior and posterior parts.
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What is the transverse plane?
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A horizontal plane that divides the body into superior and inferior parts.
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What does axial describe in terms of the structural plan of the body?
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Areas or organs along the central axis of the body (i.e. head, neck, trunk, brain, spinal cord, and abdominal organs).
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What does appendicular describe in terms of the structural plan of the body?
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The limbs, joined to the body as lateral appendages.
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What does torso or trunk describe in terms of the structural plan of the body?
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The structures of the main part of the body (i.e. chest, abdomen, and vertebral cavity).
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Flexion
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A decrease in the angle between two bones as the body part moves out of the anatomic position.
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Extension
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An increase in the angle between two bones usually moving the body part back toward the anatomic position.
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Hyperextension
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(1) Any extension beyond normal or healthy or (2) Any extension that takes the part farther in the direction of the extension, farther out of the anatomic position.
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Abduction
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Movement of the appendicular body part away from the midline.
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Adduction
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Movement of the appendicular body part toward the midline.
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Right lateral flexion
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Movement of the axial body part to the right.
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Left lateral flexion
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Movement of the axial body part to the left.
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Right rotation
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Partially turning or pivoting the axial body part in an arc around a central axis to the right.
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Left rotation
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Partially turning or pivoting the axial body part in an arc around a central axis to the left.
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Medial rotation
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Partially turning or pivoting a body part of the appendicular body in an arc around a central axis toward the midline of the body.
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Lateral rotation
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Partially turning or pivoting a body part of the appendicular body in an arc around a central axis away from the midline of the body.
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Circumduction
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A sequence of movements that turn or pivot the body part through an entire arc, making a complete circle.
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Protraction
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Pushing of the body part forward in a horizontal plane.
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Retraction
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Pulling of the body part back in a horizontal plane.
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Elevation
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Moving the body part upward (superiorly).
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Depression
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Moving the body part downward (inferiorly).
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Supination
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Movement of the forearm (at the radioulnar joint, not the elbow joint) that turns the palm anteriorly (upward).
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Pronation
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Movement of the forearm (at the radioulnar joint, not the elbow joint) that turns the palm posteriorly (downward).
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Inversion
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Movement of the sole of the foot inward, toward the midline.
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Eversion
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Movement of the sole of the foot outward, away from the midline.
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Plantar flexion
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Movement of the foot downward (also called flexion).
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Dorsiflexion
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Movement of the foot upward (also called extension).
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Anterior (ventral)
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In front of or toward the front.
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Posterior (dorsal)
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Behind, in back, or in the rear.
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Proximal
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Closer to the trunk or the point of origin (usually appendicular only).
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Distal
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Situated away from the trunk or midline of the body or the point of origin (usually appendicular only).
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Lateral
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On or to the side, outside, away from the midline.
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Ipsilateral
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The same side.
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Contralateral
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The opposite side.
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Superior
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Higher than or above (usually axial only).
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Inferior
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Lower than or below (usually axial only).
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Volar (palmar)
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The palm side of the hand.
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Plantar
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The sole side of the foot.
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Valgus
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Ends bent inward; angulation of a part of the body inward toward the midline: >< .
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Varus
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Ends vent outward; bent toward the wall: <> .
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Internal
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An inside surface or the inside part of the body.
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External
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The outside surface of the body.
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Deep
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Inside or away from the surface.
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Superficial
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Toward or on the surface.
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Dextral (dextro)
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Right.
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Sinistral (sinistro), levo
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Left.
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