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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what are the 2 main divisions of parasites?
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protozoa
metazoa |
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amoeba, sporozoa, flagellates, ciliates are all examples of?
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protozoa
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roundworms and flatworms are examples of?
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metazoa
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Entamoeba histolytica (causes what and what is its life cycle)
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Amoebic dysentery)
Human ingests --> gut -->cysts in feces --> water/soil |
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Toxoplasma gondii (causes what and what is its life cycle)
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encephalitis, stillbirth
Cat host --> oocysts in feces --> animal ingests oocysts --> cats eat birds and rodents |
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Schistosoma mansoni (causes what and what is its life cycle)
said we don't really need to know this but it was interesting |
(Blood fluke)
Contaminated water cercariae enter skin --> Cercariae migrate through heart and lungs --> Eggs in feces --> miracidia in snail --> Cercaria leave snail then it is in the contaminated water and the larvea penetrate skin, migrate to heart and lungs and rocks your shit eggs seen in your feces. nice work |
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which is more geared for survival between trophozoite and a cyst?
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cyst
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what is an oocyst
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the infectious form of the virus
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does the body completely kill off the parasite?
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not really, it normally just controls it to the point of it not being a real problem
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single cell protozoa parasites are removed from the body how?
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macrophage phagocytosis!
gobble that thing up |
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in addition to direct mechanisms, how can the immune system indirectly remove a parasitic worm in the GI tract?
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increase non-specific inflammatory processes (TNF, IL-1) leading to increased mucous secretion that can coat the parasite and help get it out
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Your patient is a 5-year-old female accompanied by her mother. The chief complaint is nausea, vomiting, and foul-smelling diarrhea for several days. The mother states that the watery stool looks greasy. The child has had little appetite.
The patient attends a pre-school this year, and had been in day care since she was 2-years-old. Physical exam reveals moderate epigastric tenderness. The child is slightly below normal weight what is this due to? |
giardia
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see someone out camping in the woods or hiking in the mountains, what does that guy have?
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giardia
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what is the number one cause of parasitic gastroenteritis?
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giardia
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what is the number one cause of gastroenteritis?
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bacteria or virus
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how do you determine btw virus and bacterial gastroenteritis?
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if you can identify when the ingestion took place
if the clinical signs are within a few hours: toxin produced by bacteria if the clinical signs occurs within a day or so: virus (or growing bacteria) if it takes a week or 10 days: parasite |
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definitive host
*objective |
host in which the parasite reaches sexual maturity
sexual replication takes place here |
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intermediate host
*objective |
host in which asexual reproduction or larval development occurs
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. What are the key factors that would lead you to suspect that a parasite (rather than a virus or bacterium) was responsible for some gastrointestinal illness?
*objective |
1) potential for exposure (travel history)
2) identification of parasite, larval forms, eggs, cysts 3)Lab tests (EIA, immunofluorescence, PCR, etc) 4)Eosinophilla |
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World-wide, how prevalent are infections caused by parasites?
*objective |
Parasite/Diseases Prevalence
_______________________________________________________________ Toxoplasmosis 1 – 2 billion Ascariasis 1 billion Malaria 200 – 300 million Schistosomiasis 200 – 300 million Giardia 200 million Trypanosomiasis 15 – 20 million |
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Cite 2 examples where insect vectors transmit parasitic organisms to humans.
*objective |
mosquito (for malaria and elephantitus)
tic (transmits blood parasite |
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Describe the probable roles of IgE antibody and eosinophils in combating parasitic infections
*objective |
eosinophils have FC receptors for IgE
the IgE acts as a bridge for the eosinophil this is the mechanism that works against the WORM infection |
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What is the difference between a trophozoite and a cyst?
*objective |
A trophozoite is the metabolically active and motile stage of many protozoan parasites.
The cyst form is generally smaller, and has an outer protective layer to enhance survival in the environment |
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Describe the general characteristics of the major categories of parasites (e.g. protozoan ciliates
*objective |
-- missed this. get from someone
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vector
*objective |
Transmitting agent (e.g., the anopheles mosquito is the vector for malaria transmission to humans)
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Reservoir
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species where the parasite can survive and proliferate but not necessarily
cause disease |
