Immunology Flash Cards

Front 1

Cells originating from a bone marrow stem cell

Back 1

platelets, RBCs, pluripotent leukocyte (WBC) stem cell

Front 2

Linneages from pluripotent (leukocyte) stem cell

Back 2

myeloid and lymphoid

Front 3

myeloid lineage cells

Back 3

Mast Cells, Basophils, Eosinophils, Neutrophils, Granuloyctes,
Dendritic cells, Monocytes, Macrophages

Front 4

lymphoid lineage cells

Back 4

Lymphocytes (T and B), Natural Killer (NK) cells

Front 5

Mast Cells

Back 5

-myeloid lineage cells
-congregate in connective tissues and release various soluble mediates, ie Histamine when activated (allergic responses)
-also involved in responses to parasites especially helminths
-important in allergic responses
-histology: noticeable granules

Front 6

Basophils

Back 6

-myeloid lineage cells
-circulate in the blood, believed to have similar function to mast cells
-stain violet

Front 7

Eosinophils

Back 7

-myeloid lineage cells
-leukocytes important in the defense against parasitic infections
-kills parasites that are too large to be ingested by phagocytes
-stain red

Front 8

Neutrophils

Back 8

-myeloid lineage cells
-phagocytic leukocytes: engulf and destroy extracellular pathogens, primarily bacteria
-aka polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) b/c they have multilobed nucleus
-stain blue (azurophilic)

Front 9

Granulocytes

Back 9

-myeloid lineage cells
-conspicuous cytoplasmic granules
-3 types: neutrophils (azurophilic=blue), basophils (violet), eosinophils (red)

Front 10

Dendritic Cells (DC)

Back 10

-myeloid lineage cell
found in most tissues, including lymphoid tissue
-take up and transport antigen to peripheral lymphoid organs, where they fn as potent activators of T cells

Front 11

Monocytes

Back 11

-myeloid lineage cell
-phagocytic leukocytes found in the blood
-precursors to tissue macrophages

Front 12

Macrophages

Back 12

-myeloid lineage cell
-phagocytic leukocytes found in tissues
-derived from blood monocytes
-large, mononuclear
-various names depending on tissue location in body:
-Lung: Alveolar Macrophage
-Liver: Kupffer Cell
-Spleen: Splenic Macrophage
-Brain: Microglial Cell
-Kidney: Mesangial Phagocytes
-Bone: Osteoclasts

Front 13

Lymphocytes

Back 13

-B and T cells
-express antigen-specific receptors
-mediate the adative (acquired) immune response
-small cells, composed mostly of nucleus, only a thin rim of cytoplasm
-B cells produce antibodies to target primarily extracellular pathogens (especially bacteria)
-B cells mediate humoral immunity (humor = any fluid normally occurring in the body) because antibodies circulate in the bloodstream and lymphatic system
-T cells: CD4+ cell (secrete cytokines) and CD8+ cells (recognize and destroy infected and tumor cells); do not produce antibodies

Front 14

Natural Killer (NK) cells

Back 14

-derived from lymphoid progenitor cell, but distinct from B and T cells
-part of the innate immune system
-do not exhibit antigen specificity
-destroy virus-infected and tumor cells without prior stimulation

Front 15

Innate Immunity

Back 15

-always present in all individuals
-physical barriers: eg skin and mucous membranes
-chemical defenses: eg highly acidic environment of the stomach
-antimicrobrial agents: lysozymes (hydrolytic enzymes found in bodily secretions like saliva); anti-microbial proteins (eg on surface of skin and mucosal surfaces)
-other biologically active substances: cytoklines (IL-1, IL-6, TNF-alpah from macrophages induce fever); activation of complement (alternative and lectin pathways)
-cellular defense : phagocytosis (macrophages and neutrophils) and cellular cytotoxicity (NK cells)