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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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G-CSF
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- Hematopoiesis
- Differentiation of GM progenitor to granulocyte/neutrophil |
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GM-CSF
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- Hematopoiesis
- Differentiation of myeloid progenitor to GM-progenitor - Mobilization and activation of dendritic cells |
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IFN
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1. Activates iNOS
2. Enhances activation of NADPH oxidase 3. Down regulates production of Th2 cytokines 4. Critical for Th0 differentiation to Th1 phenotype 5. Along with IL-2, promotes pCTL to CTL differentiation 6. Enhances expression of Class I MHC on nucleated cells 7. Enhances expression of Class II MHC on antigen presenting cells |
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IFNα and IFNβ
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1. Triggers production of enzymes* that interfere with replication of some viruses (*2’5’oligoadenylate synthetase)
2. Inhibition of T cell proliferation 3. Increase expression of Class I MHC on nucleated cells. |
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IL-1 and TNF (synergistic)
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1. Inflammation
2. Activate macrophages to secrete cytokines (IL-1, 6, 12, TNF) & chemokines (IL-8 & MCP-1) 3. Activate endothelial cells leading to de novo expression of: ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and E-selectin, 4. Enhanced expression of ICAM-2 5. Induce endothelial cells to secrete IL-8 and MCP-1. 4. Systemically, IL-1 and TNF induce fever and lower BP leading to shock |
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IL-2
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1. Growth factor for T cells
2. Enhances NK cell cytotoxicity 3. pCTL to CTL differentiation |
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IL-3
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Hematopoiesis – both myeloid and lymphoid progenitor cell development
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IL-4
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1. Isotype switch to IgE
2. Down-regulation of Th1 cytokine production 3. Down-regulation of iNOS (not as effective as TGFβ) 4. Shifts Th0 response to Th2 phenotype |
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IL-5
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1. Differentiation of eosinophils
2. Chemotactic for eosinophils - recruiting to tissues 3. Activation of eosinophils |
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IL-6
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1. Stimulus for secretion of CRP from hepatocytes
2. In the presence of TGF and IL-7, differentiation of Thp to Th17 |
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IL-7
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Hematopoiesis – B and T cell differentiation (bone marrow and thymus)
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IL-10
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1. Down-regulates IL-12 secretion by dendritic cells and macrophages (leads to down regulation of Th1 cytokines)
2. Down-regulates iNOS but is not as effective as TGFβ 3. Inhibitory molecule |
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IL-12
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Activates NK cells to secrete IFNγ (enhanced if either IL-15 or IL-18 is present)
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IL-13
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1. In lung mediator of allergic asthma
2. Plays a role in helminth infections (nematodes - round worms) |
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IL-15
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Plays a role (along with IL-12) in inducing NK cells to secrete IFN
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IL-17
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1. Induces expression of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines from a wide range of cells (e.g., IL-6, IL-8, GM-CSF, G-CSF and metalloproteinases from macrophages and other cell types
2. Autoimmune disorders if Th17 cells specific for self antigen 3. Chemotactic for neutrophils 4. Plays a key role in fungal infections and in extracellular bacterial infections |
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IL-18
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Plays a role (along with IL-12) in inducing NK cells to secrete IFN .
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IL-21
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Growth factor (amplification) of Th17 cells
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IL-22
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Proinflammatory – elevated in several inflammatory conditions (e.g. rheumatoid arthritis and psoriasis)
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IL-23
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1. Differentiation Th to Th17 cells in the presence of TGF
2. Proinflammatory cytokine that is composed of two subunits (p19 and p40); p40 common to both IL-12 and IL-23 3. Elevated in multiple sclerosis, psoriasis, and Crohn's disease |
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IL-33
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1. Activates mast cells
2. IL-33 is upregulated in intestinal parasite infection 3. Th2 cells have receptors for Il-33 4. Member of the alarmin family, molecules that are released upon tissue necrosis. 5. Released when endothelial cells or epithelial cells undergo damage/necrosis. 6. Dysregulated IL-33 contributes to asthma, arthritis and inflammatory bowel disorder. |
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TGFβ
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1. Down-regulation of iNOS
2. Critical for differentiation of Th0 cells to a/i Tregs 3. In the presence of IL-6 or IL1 and IL-23 differentiation Thp cells to Th17 |
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M-CSF
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- Hematopoiesis
- Differentiation of GM progenitor to monocyte |
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TNF alone
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1. TNF enhances NADPH oxidase activity
2. Activation of inducible nitric oxide synthase |
