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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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aim of acute inflammation
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deliver leukocytes + plasma proteins, eliminate agent, trigger acquired immunity, initiate tissue repair, systemic responses
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signs of acute inflammation
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rubor, tumor, calor, dolor, loss of function
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triggers of acute inflammation
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infection, trauma, injury, necrosis, foreign body, immune reaction
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vascular changes
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vasodilation, increased permeability, local stasis of blood
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vasodilation
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vascular smooth muscle, increased blood, expansion of cap beds, decreased velocity
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vasodilation mediators
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histamine, NO, prostaglandins
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vascular permeability
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gaps between endothelial cells, transcytosis, edema
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vascular permeability mediated by
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histamine, leukotrienes, prostaglandins
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local stasis of blood flow
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decreased blood velocity
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mediators of vascular change
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histamine, NO, prostaglandins + leukotrienes
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histamine
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from mast cell degranulation
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histamine release induced by
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trauma, cold, heat, immune reaction, C3a and C5a, leukocytes, neuropeptides, cytokines
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nitric oxide released from
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endothelial cells + macrophages
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NO induces
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relaxation of vascular smooth muscle, anti-inflammatory
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NO synthesized by
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L-arginine |
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arachidonic acid
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converted from membrane phospholipids by phospholipase
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leukotrienes
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arachidonic acid converted by lipoxygenase
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leukotrienes cause
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vascular permeability, resp smooth muscle contraction, neutrophil chemotaxis
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prostaglandins
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arachidonic acid converted by COX 1+2
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prostaglandins cause
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vascular permeability, vasodilation, hyperalgesia
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leukocyte extravasation phases
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margination + rolling, endothelial adhesion, diapedesis, migration
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margination
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activation of endothelial cells allows leukocytes to transiently adhere, presence of chemokines activate high-affinity integrins
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adhesion
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firm integrin-mediated binding of leukocytes to endothelium
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diapedesis
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leukocytes transverse between endothelial cells and secrete collagenases to escape basement membrane
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migration
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move along chemoattractant gradient
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systemic effects
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leukocytosis, fever
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leukocytosis
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in BM, prolonged infection causes release of immature neutrophils (left shift)
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fever
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pyrogens stimulate prostaglandin synthesis in hypothalamus
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cause of rubor
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increased vasodilation due to vasoactive mediators
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cause of calor
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increased vasodilation due to vasoactive mediators
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cause of tumor
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increased leakiness of blood vessels
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cause of dolor
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prostaglandins, neuropeptides, cytokines
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