Immunology 3- Innate Immune System 1

Front 1

first line of defense

Back 1

anatomical barriers

Front 2

anatomical barriers

Back 2

URT, trachea/bronchi, cornea/conjunctiva, mammary gland, urinary tract, skin, intestinal tract, reproductive tract, commensal organisms

Front 3

URT

Back 3

mucus + nasal turbinates

Front 4

trachea/bronchi

Back 4

mucus, cilia, cough

Front 5

cornea/conjunctiva

Back 5

physical flushing, lysozyme

Front 6

mammary gland

Back 6

keratin plug, flushing, complement, lysozyme, lactoferrin, lactoperoxidase

Front 7

urinary tract

Back 7

unidirectional flushing

Front 8

skin

Back 8

keratinized, desquamation, fatty acids, desiccation

Front 9

intestinal tract

Back 9

pH changes, lysozyme, defensins, hydrolases, bile acids, peristalsis, mucus

Front 10

reproductive tract

Back 10

low pH

Front 11

antimicrobial peptides

Back 11

defensins, cathelicidins

Front 12

defensins

Back 12

small, cationic, beta sheet

Front 13

defensins secreted by

Back 13

epithelial cells, neutrophils

Front 14

defensins action

Back 14

insert into neg charged microbial membranes, create pore

Front 15

cathelicidins

Back 15

small, cationic, form alpha helix

Front 16

cathelicidins secreted by

Back 16

epithelial cells, macrophages, neutrophils

Front 17

immune surveillance by

Back 17

sentinel cells (mast, dendritic, macrophages)

Front 18

PAMPs

Back 18

pathogen-associated molecular patterns

Front 19

PAMPs are

Back 19

evolutionarily conserved molecular motifs, distinctive to particular microbes (not normal healthy cells)

Front 20

PRRs

Back 20

pattern recognition receptors

Front 21

PRRs are

Back 21

germline encoded receptors for PAMPs, highly conserved

Front 22

3 PRR groups

Back 22

extracellular receptors, cell surface receptors, intracellular receptors

Front 23

extracellular PRR ex:

Back 23

mannan-binding lectin, C-reactive protein

Front 24

cell surface PRR ex:

Back 24

toll-like receptor, mannose receptor, scavenger receptor

Front 25

intracellular PRR ex:

Back 25

NOD-like receptor, toll-like receptor

Front 26

PRR binding to PAMPs causes

Back 26

activation of leukocytes, phagocytosis, chemotaxis of immune cells, complement activation

Front 27

Toll-like receptors

Back 27

proinflammatory receptor family, ex: TLR4, TLR9

Front 28

TLR4 recognized

Back 28

PAMPs (lipopolysaccharide, heat shock proteins, fibrinogen)

Front 29

TLR4 cell types

Back 29

monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, mast cells, intestinal epithelium

Front 30

TLR9 recognized

Back 30

unmethylated CpG DNA

Front 31

TLR9 cell types

Back 31

monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, B lymphocytes

Front 32

TLR signaling in macrophage

Back 32

PAMP -> TLR, causes dissociation of IkB-a from NFkB

Front 33

NFkB

Back 33

TF, causes transcription + release of proinflammatory cytokines and enzymes

Front 34

DAMPs

Back 34

damage associated molecular patterns (released by necrotic cells)

Front 35

inflammasome

Back 35

macrophage, detects PAMPs and DAMPs at same time and creates big response

Front 36

cytokines

Back 36

small proteins/glycoproteins involved in cell-cell communication in immune system

Front 37

interleukins

Back 37

cytokines produced by leukocytes that act on other leukocytes

Front 38

interferons

Back 38

cytokines that coordinate immune response in viral infections

Front 39

chemokines

Back 39

cytokines that direct movement of immune cells

Front 40

proinflammatory PRRs act on dendritic cells to:

Back 40

drive maturation and migration

Front 41

phagocytic PRRs

Back 41

mannose receptor, expressed on macrophages and DCs