Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
97 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What activates NK cells
|
INF-B, IFN-a, IL12
|
|
|
2 signals for helper Th (CD4) cell activation
|
1. (APC) MHC II - Ag - TCR (T)
2. (APC) B27 - CD28 (T) |
|
|
2 signals needed for cytotoxic T cell activation
|
1. (any cell) MHC I - Ag - TCR (T)
2. IL2 (Th1) -> IL2R (CD8) |
|
|
Signals needed for B cell activation and class switching
|
1. (B) CD40R -> CD40L (T)
2/3. (B cell) MHC II - Ag - TCR 4. Th2 -> IL4, IL5, IL6 5. Costimulatory (B) B7-CD28 (T) |
|
|
Cell surface markers of regulatory T cells
|
CD3 (all T cells)
CD4 CD25 (low affinity IL-2 R ) |
|
|
Cytokines produced by regulator T cells (regulatory cytokines)
|
IL-10
TGF-B |
|
|
What inhibits Th1 cells
|
IL-10 secreted by Th2 cells
|
|
|
What inhibits Th2 cells
|
IFN-y secreted by Th1 cells
|
|
|
What do Th1 cells secrete?
|
IL-2 -> activates CTL
IFN-y -> activates macrophages and inhibits Th2 cells |
|
|
What do Th2 cell secrete?
|
IL-4 -> class switch IgE > IgG
IL-5 -> class switch IgA IL-6 -> fever (Acute phase reactant) also secreted by macs IL-10 -> inhibits Th1 cells |
|
|
What do macrophages secrete?
|
IL-1
IL-6 TNF-a IL-8 IL-12 |
|
|
what are the acute phase reactants?
|
IL-1
IL-6 TNF-a |
|
|
Chemotactic molecules
|
IL-8
C5a LTB4 Formyl-Met peptides |
|
|
What is secreted by all T cells?
|
IL-3 -> supports growth and differentiation of BM stem cells. Functions like GM-CSF
|
|
|
HOT T-Bone stEAk
|
IL-1 - fever (hot)
IL-2 - stimulates CTL cells (T) IL-3 -stimulates BM (bone) IL-4 - IgE ( and IgG) IL-5 - IgA |
|
|
What recruits Neutrophils?
|
IL-8 secreted by macrophages
|
|
|
IL-6
|
pyrogen -> fever
Also sec by T cells stimulates production of acute-phase proteins |
|
|
IL-8
|
Chemotactic for neutrophils
|
|
|
IL-12
|
Induces differentiation of T cells into Th1 cells. Activates NK cells. Also secreted by B cells
|
|
|
What induces activation of NK cells?
|
IL-12
IFN-a IFN-b |
|
|
What induces differentiation of T cells into Th1 cells?
|
IL-12
|
|
|
TNF-a
|
mediates septic shock. Activates endothelium. Causes leukocyte recruitment, vascular leak
|
|
|
what stimulates growth and diff of eosinophils?
|
IL-5 secreted by Th2 cells
|
|
|
What do IFNs do?
|
Anti-viral state: induce production of ribonuclease that inhibits viral protein synthesis by degrading viral mRNA (but not host mRNA)
|
|
|
IFN-a and IFN-b
|
activates NK cells
inhibit viral protein synthesis |
|
|
IFN-y
|
activates macrophages and Th1 cells, suppress Th2 cells
Increase MHC I and MHC II expression and antigen presentation in all cells |
|
|
What makes IFN-a
|
Leukocytes
|
|
|
What makes IFN-b
|
Fibroblasts
|
|
|
What makes IFN-y
|
Th1 cells
|
|
|
What makes TGF-b
|
T-lymphocytes, platelets (atherosclerosis), macrophages, endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, fibroblasts, keratinocytes
|
|
|
Functions of C1, C2, C3, C4
|
Viral neutralization
|
|
|
C3b function
|
Opsonization
|
|
|
C3a, C5a
|
Anaphylaxis
|
|
|
C5a
|
neutrophil chemotaxis
|
|
|
C5b-9
|
Membrane attack complex (MAC), cytolyis
|
|
|
CD55 and CD59
|
on macrophages - Make up DAF! (decay accelerating factor) -> PNH
|
|
|
DAF fxn
|
helps prevent complement activation on self cells (eg RBCs)
|
|
|
C1 esterase inhibitor Fxn
|
Helps prevent complement activation on self cells. C1 esterase inhibits C1 cleavage
|
|
|
C1 esterase inhibitor deficiency
|
hereditary angioedema. ACEIs contraindicated (increase bradykinin, decrease C2, Decrease C4)
|
|
|
C3 deficiency
|
increased susceptibility to type III Hypersensitivity rxns (remember C3b has function in also clearing Immune complexes!)
Severe, recurring pyogenic sinus and respiratory tract infections (strep pneumo, h. influenza) |
|
|
C5-C9 deficiency
|
Lacking MAC
Recurrent Neisseria bacteremia and infections |
|
|
DAF (GPI anchored enzyme) deficiency
|
complement-mediated lysis of RBCs and paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH). Use Ham's test: RBCs lyse at low pH
|
|
|
T cell surface proteins
|
TCR
CD3 CD28 |
|
|
CD28
|
T cell
|
|
|
CD3
|
T cell
|
|
|
CD2
|
T cell (CD2 = LFA2 = adhesion molecule on T cells, thymocytes and NK cells)
|
|
|
B cell markers
|
CD19, CD20, CD21 (EBV), CD40 MHC II, B7
|
|
|
CD19
|
B cell
|
|
|
CD20
|
B cell
|
|
|
CD21
|
EBV binding, B cells
|
|
|
CD40
|
B cells and macrophages
|
|
|
B7
|
B cells, and APCs
|
|
|
Macrophage T cell surface proteins
|
CD14, CD40
MHC II, B7 Fc and C3b receptors |
|
|
CD14
|
Macrophages
|
|
|
Fc and C3b receptors
|
Macrophages
|
|
|
NK cells
|
CD16 (binds Fc of IgG)
CD56 (unique marker for NK) |
|
|
CD55/CD59
|
RBCs, WBCs, platelets , protect against complement mediated damage
|
|
|
CD16
|
binds Fc of IgG - on NK cells bu not unique marker
|
|
|
CD56
|
unique marker for NK
|
|
|
T1 Hypersensitivities
|
Anaphylaxis
Atopy Allergy |
|
|
T2 Cytotoxic Hypersensitivities
|
Hemolytic anemia
Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura Erythroblastosis fetalis AIH transfusion rxns Rheumatic fevere Goodpasture's Bullous pemphigoid Pemphigus vulgaris |
|
|
T2 NonCytotoxic Hypersensitivities
|
Graves
Myasthenia gravis Pernicious anemia T2DM |
|
|
T3 Hypersensitivities
|
SLE
RA Polyarteritis nodosum PSGN Serum sickness Arthus rxn Hypersensitiivty pneumonitis (farmer's lung) |
|
|
T4 Hypersensitivities
|
T1DM
MS Guillan-barre Hashimotos' thyroiditis GVHD PPD contact dermatitis |
|
|
Blood transfusion-urticaria, pruritus, wheezing, fever.
|
Allergic, Type I
tx w/ antihistamines |
|
|
Blood transfusion- dyspnea, bronchospasm, hypotension, respiratory arrest, shock
|
Anaphylactic Type I -severe, IgA def cant be given blood products w/ IgA
|
|
|
Blood transfusion-Fever, headaches, chills, flushing
|
Febrile nonhemolytic transfusion reaction (FNHTR) Type II, Host Abs vs donor HLA Ags and leukocytes
|
|
|
Blood transfusion- Fever, hypotension, tachypnea, tachycardia, flank pain, hemoglibinemia (Intravascular), jaundice (extravascular)
|
Acute hemolytic transfusion reaction (HTR) Type II, Intravascular hemolysis (ABO blood groop incompatibility) or extravsular hemolysis (Host Ab rx against foreign Ag on donor RBCs)
|
|
|
Blood - hives, itching
|
Type I allergic
|
|
|
Blood - hypotension, dyspnea, bronchospasm
|
Type I Anaphylactic (IgA def)
|
|
|
Blood - headaches, chills, flushing, fever
|
FNHTR nonhemolytic, Type II, Abs -> Host HLA
|
|
|
Blood hypotension, tachypnea, tachy, hemoglobinemia, jaundice
|
HTR, Type II, ABO incompatibily (intravascular) or Abs to foreign Ags (extravascular)
|
|
|
ANA- antinuclear antibodies
|
SLE, nonspecific
|
|
|
Anti-dsDNA,
|
SLE - specific, prognostic -kidney failure
|
|
|
anti-Smith (anti-snRNPs)
|
SLE - specific, nonprognostic
|
|
|
Antihistone
|
Drug induced Lupus
|
|
|
IgM Anti-IgG (IgM against Fc of IgG)
|
Rheumatoid factor, RA
|
|
|
Anticentromere
|
CREST
|
|
|
Anti-Scl-70 (anti-DNA topoisomerase I)
|
Scleroderma diffuse
|
|
|
Antimitochondrial
|
primary biliary cirrhosis (a/w RA, crest, celiac, SLE, lots of others)
|
|
|
Antigliadin
|
Celiac
|
|
|
Antiendomysial
|
Celiac
|
|
|
Anti-reticulin
|
Celiac
|
|
|
Anti-BM
|
Goodpasturs
|
|
|
Anti-desmoglein
|
Pemphigus vulgaris
|
|
|
Antimicrosomal
|
Hashimoto's thyroiditis
|
|
|
Antithyroglobulin
|
TPO Abs
Hashimoto's thyroiditis |
|
|
Anti-Jo-1
|
Polymositis, Dermatomyositis
|
|
|
Anti-SS-A (Anti-Ro)
|
Sjogren's , These are ANA (antinuclear antibodies) to specific nuclear protiens
Non specific to sjogrens |
|
|
Anti-SS-B (Anti-La)
|
Sjogren's These are ANA (antinuclear antibodies) to specific nuclear protiens
Much more specific to sjogrens |
|
|
Anti-U1 RNP (ribonucleoprotein)
|
mixed connective tissue disease
|
|
|
Anti-smooth muscle
|
Autoimmune hepatitis
|
|
|
Anti-glutamate decarboxylase
|
T1DM
|
|
|
c-ANCA
|
Wegener's
Target is usually proteinase3 |
|
|
p-ANCA
|
Microscopic polyangiitis
Churg-Strauss Target is usually MPO (myeloperoxidase) |
|
|
Conditions a/w elevated ESR
|
Polymyalgia rheumatica
Temporal arteritis RA SLE Pregnancy Infection inflammation (osteomyelitis) Malignancy |
|
|
Conditions w/ decreased ESR
|
sickle cell (altered shape)
polycythemia (too many) CHF (unknown) |
