Immunohematology I: Chapter Seven

Front 1

The Rh system was first recognized in a case report of:

Back 1

A hemolytic transfusion reaction

Front 2

What antigen is found in 85% of the white population and is always significant for transfusion purposes?

Back 2

D antigen

Front 3

How are weaker than expected reactions with anti-D typing reagents categorized?

Back 3

Weak-D

Front 4

Cells carrying a weak-D antigen require the use of what test to demonstrate its presence?

Back 4

Indirect antiglobulin test

Front 5

How are Rh antigens inherited?

Back 5

Codominant alleles

Front 6

Biochemically speaking, what type of molecules are Rh antigens?

Back 6

proteins

Front 7

Rh antibodies react best at what temperature?

Back 7

37 C

Front 8

Rh antibodies are primarily of which immunolobulin class?

Back 8

IgG

Front 9

What clinical conditions are Rh antibodies associated with?

Back 9

erythroblastosis fetalis, thrombocytopenia, hemophilia A, stomatocytosis

Front 10

What do Rh null cells lack?

Back 10

Rh antigens

Front 11

What antigen system is closely associated phenotypically with Rh?

Back 11

LW

Front 12

Anti-LW will not react with ________ RBCs.

Back 12

Rh null RBCs

Front 13

What Rh phenotype has the strongest expression of D?

Back 13

D-

Front 14

What causes an individual to type RhD positive yet poseess anti-D?

Back 14

Partial D

Front 15

An individual has the following Rh phenotype: D+C+E+c+e+. Using Fisher-Race terminology, what is their most likely Rh genotype?

Back 15

DCe/DcE

Front 16

What is the most common Rh phenotype in African Americans?

Back 16

Dce/dce

Front 17

The ________ antibody was so named on the basis of antibody production by guinea pigs and rabbits when transfused with rhesus monkey RBCs.

Back 17

Rh

Front 18

Historically, _______ was a primary cause of HDFN, erythroblastosis fetalis, and a significant cause of hemolytic transfusion reactions.

Back 18

Rh

Front 19

___________________ DCE terminology is based on the theory that antigens of the system are produced by three closely linked sets of alleles and that each gene is responsible for producing a product (antigen) on the RBC surface.

Back 19

Fisher-Race

Front 20

A person who expresses no Rh antigens on their RBC is said to be ______________, and the phenoype may be written as _______________.

Back 20

Rh null; ( - / - )

Front 21

In the ________________ nomenclature, it is postulated that the gene responsible for defining Rh actually produces an agglutinogen that contains a series of blood factors in which each factor is an antigen recognized by an antibody.

Back 21

Wiener Rh-Hr

Front 22

It is currently accepted that two closely linked genes control the expression of Rh; one gene (RHD) codes for the presence of ___________, and a second gene (RHCE) codes for the expression of ____________ antigens.

Back 22

RhD; CcEe

Front 23

In the ________________ alpha/numeric terminology, a number is assigned to each antigen of the Rh system in order of its discovery.

Back 23

Rosenfield

Front 24

Rh antigens are characterized as nonglycosylated ______________ in the RBC membrane

Back 24

proteins

Front 25

The most common phenotype in whites is __________ (31%).

Back 25

R1r

Front 26

The most common phenotype in blacks is _______________ (23%) followed by ________________ at 19%.

Back 26

R0r; R0R0

Front 27

The Rh antigens are inherited as ______________ alleles

Back 27

codominant

Front 28

A ___________________ individual is characterized as lacking one or more pieces or epitopes of the total D antigen and may produce alloantibody to the missing fraction if exposed to RBCs with the complete D antigen

Back 28

partial-D

Front 29

True or false?

Blood donor units for transfusion are considered Rh-positive is either the D or weak D test is positive.

Back 29

True

Front 30

True or false?

Both the D and weak-D tests are negative for blood donor units. The blood for transfusion would be considered Rh-negative.

Back 30

True

Front 31

Most Rh antibodies are _______ immunoglobulin and react optimally at ___________ degrees celsius or following antiglobulin testing.

Back 31

IgG; 37

Front 32

Exposure to less that _____ mL of Rh-positive blood can stimulate antibody production in an Rh-negative person.

Back 32

0.1

Front 33

Rh-mediated hemolytic transfusion reactions usually result in _____________________ hemolysis.

Back 33

extravascular

Front 34

Rh antibodies are _______ and can cross the placenta to coat fetal Rh-positive RBCs

Back 34

IgG

Front 35

Convert the following genotype from Wiener nomenclature to Fisher-Race and Rosenfield nomenclatures, and list the antigens present in the haplotype: R1r

Back 35

Fisher-Race: DCe/dce

Rosenfield: Rh: 1,2,-3,4,5

Front 36

Convert the following genotype from Wiener nomenclature to Fisher-Race and Rosenfield nomenclatures, and list the antigens present in the haplotype: R2R0

Back 36

Fisher-Race: DcE/Dce

Rosenfield: Rh: 1,-2,3,4,5

Front 37

Convert the following genotype from Wiener nomenclature to Fisher-Race and Rosenfield nomenclatures, and list the antigens present in the haplotype: R2R1

Back 37

Fisher-Race: DCE/DCe

Rosenfield: Rh: 1,2,3,-4,5

Front 38

Convert the following genotype from Wiener nomenclature to Fisher-Race and Rosenfield nomenclatures, and list the antigens present in the haplotype: ryr

Back 38

Fisher-Race: dCE/dce

Rosenfield: RH: -1,2,3,4,5