Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What occurs during mitosis? |
Genetic material is duplicated and equally divided between two daughter cells |
|
|
When a recessive trait is expressed, it means that: |
Two genes carrying the trait were present |
|
|
In a pedigree, the "index case" refers to: |
Propsitus (the initial individual whose condition led to investigation of a hereditary disorder or to a serologic evaluation of family members; feminine form is proposita) |
|
|
What nitrogenous bases make up DNA? |
Adenine, cytosine, guanine, and thymine |
|
|
Proteins and peptides are composed of: |
Linear arrangements of amino acids |
|
|
What phenotype could not result from the mating of a Jk(a+b+) female and a Jk(a-b+ male)? |
Jk(a-b-) |
|
|
Exon refers to: |
the coding region of a gene |
|
|
PCR technology can be used to: |
amplify small amounts of DNA |
|
|
Transcription can be defined as: |
Synthesis of RNA using DNA as a template |
|
|
When a male possesses a phenotypic trait that he passes to all of his daughters and none of his sons, the trait is said to be: |
X-linked dominant |
|
|
When a female possesses a phenotypic trait that she passes to all of her sons and none of her daughters, the trait is said to be: |
X-linked recessive |
|
|
DNA is replicated __________________ from DNA |
semiconservatively |
|
|
RNA is processed __________ RNA is copied from ______ template. |
after; DNA |
|
|
Translation of proteins from RNA takes place on the _____________________ in the ____________________ of the cell. |
ribosomes; cytoplasm
|
|
|
Meiosis is necessary to: |
Generate new DNA sequences in daughter cells |
|
|
_________________ is defined as the study of inheritance or the transmission of characteristics from parents to offspring. |
Genetics |
|
|
Genetics is based on the biochemical structure of _________________, which includes nucleic acids and the structural proteins that constitute the genetic material as well as various enzymes that assist in genetic processes such as replication. |
chromatin |
|
|
All living organisms have specific numbers of chromosomes. Humans have _____ pairs of autosomes and ______ set of sex chromosomes - females (_ , _) and males (_ , _), giving a total number of _____ chromosomes in diploid cells. |
22 pairs of autosomes; 1 set of sex chromosomes; females (X,X); males (X,Y); 46 chromosomes in diploid cells |
|
|
______________ law of independent assortment states that factors for different characteristics are inherited independent of each other if they reside on different chromosomes. |
Mendel's
|
|
|
Human chromosomes are composed of the genetic material chromatin, a complex of the nucleic acid polymer DNA wrapped around highly basic proteins called _____________. The helical structure of DNA allows a lot of information to be packed into a very small amount of space. |
histones |
|
|
Replication of DNA is semiconservative and is accomplished via the enzyme ____________________, which produces a complementary duplicate strand of nucleic acid. Therefore, each strand of DNA can act as a template to be copied to make the opposite strand. |
DNA polymerase |
|
|
DNA has a direction and is always read and written in the ___' to ____' direction unless specified differently for certain applications |
5' to 3' |
|
|
__________________ refers to any structural alteration of DNA in an organism that is caused by a physical or chemical agent; can be beneficial or deleterious; some are lethal and cannot be passed on to another generation; some are silent and have no consequence on the organism in which they occur. |
Mutation |
|
|
_________________ is an enzymatic process whereby genetic information in a DNA strand is copied into an mRNA complementary strand. Eukaryotic mRNA is modified after it is made by various processing steps that take place in the ______________ of the cell before the mRNA is exported to the cytoplasmic ribosomes for translation. |
Transcription; nucleus |
|
|
_____________________ is the complex process by which mRNA, which contains a mobile version of the DNA template encoding the genes for a organism, is turned into proteins, which are the functional units of an organism. |
Translation
|
|
|
Translation occurs on the ____________________. |
ribosomes |
|
|
Proteins are made of strings of __________________ and are always read in an amino terminal to carboxyl terminal direction. |
amino acids |
|
|
The _________________________ is an in vitro method for enzymatic synthesis and amplification of specific DNA sequences using a pair of primers. |
polymerase chain reaction (PCR) |
