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74 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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two types of host defense system
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innate and adaptive immunity
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first line of defense; nonspecific; always present
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innate immunity
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Specific or acquired defense
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adaptive immunity
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two major classes of lymphocytes in adaptive immunity
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B and T cells
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lymphocyte most responsible for the clearance of extracellular microbes
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B cells
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lymphocyte population most responsible for the clearance of intracellular microbes
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T cells
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classes of T cells
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helper, cytolytic, regulatory
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substance, usually foreign, that reacts with an antibody
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antigen
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substance, usualy foreign, that elicits an immune response
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immunogen
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lymphocyte population that secretes antibodies
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B cells (plasma cells0
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lymphocyte population that directly kills infected cells
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cytotoxic T cells
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lymphocyte population that helps B cells make antibodies
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T helper cells
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lymphocyte population that helps activate macrophages
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T helper cells
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active immunity that is naturally acquired
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recovery from infection
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active immunity that is artificially acquired
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vaccination
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passive immmunity that is artificially acquired
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injection of immune globulin
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passive immunity that is naturally acquired
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placental transfer of IgG
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passive immunity that is naturally acquired
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breast feeding of IgA
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Maturation stage of a mature lymphocyte that has not yet engaged antigen
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naive lymphocyte
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maturation stage of a mature lymphocyte that has been activated by antigen
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effector lymphocyte
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maturation stage of mature lymphocyte that is long lived and ready to rapidly respond to antigen on the second/subsequent exposures
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memory lypmphocyte
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secondary lymphoid tissue where the response occurs to blood-borne antigens
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spleen
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secondary lymphoid tissue where the response occurs to tissue-borne antigens
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lymph nodes, MALT, GALT, BALT
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major cell types involved in innate immunity
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granulocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, NK cells,
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neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils
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granulocytes
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primary lymphoid tissue
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bone marrow, thymus
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anatomic location where stem cells reside
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bone marrow
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anatomic site of B cell maturation
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bone marrow
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anatomic site of T cell maturation
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thymus
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cells that capture and present peptides to T cells
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antigen-presenting cells (APC)
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professional antigen presenting cells
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dendritic cells, macrophages, B cells, FDC
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Response to first exposure to an antigen
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primary immune response
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response to repeat encounters with same antigen
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secondary immune response
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major antibody produced in serum during primary immune response
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IgM
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major antibody produced in serum during secondary immune response
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IgG
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anatomic location of T cells in lymph nodes
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paracortex
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anatomic location of B cells in lymph nodes
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follicle (cortex)
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anatomic location of T cells in spleen
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periarteriolar sheath
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specialized venules in lymph nodes where T cells enter
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high endothelial venules
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cellular receptors for microbial antigens on innate immune cells
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pathogen recognition receptors
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LPS, peptidoglycan, lipoteichoic acid, viral RNA, fungal mannans
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pathogen associated molecular patterns
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general characteristics of innate immunity
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no induction period, specificity or memory
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extensive physical barrier to infection
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epithelial lining of portals of entry
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most active phagocytic cell and most abundant circulating WBC
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neutrophil
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neutrophils, macrophages, dendritic cells, B cells
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phagocytic cells
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lyosozyme, reactive oxygen intermediates, nitric oxide
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microbicidal molecules of phagocytes
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enzyme responsible for production of reactive oxygen species
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phagocyte oxidase
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pro-inflammatory cytokines that target endothelium, among others
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TNF, IL-1
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adhesion molecules expressed on endothelium that mediate rolling of leukocytes
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E and P selectins
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adhesion molecules expressed on leukocytes that mediate thethering of leukocytes
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integrins
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lymphocytes of innate immunity that provide early defense against viral infections
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NK cells
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major sourse of interfereon-y (IFN) in innate immune system
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NK cellss
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structural domains found on inhibitory receptors of NK cells
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ITIMs
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structural domains found on activating receptors of NK cells
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ITAMs
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intraepithelial lymphocytes that are early sentinels of bacterial infections
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gamma delta T cells
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activator of classical pathway of complement
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antibody binding to C1q
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activator of alternative pathway of complement
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binding of C3b to microbial surfaces
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activator of lectin pathway of complement
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terminal mannose residues of microbial glyoproteins
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major opsonin generated by complement activation
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C3b
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pro-inflammatory molecules generated by complement activation
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C3a and C5a
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polymeric protein complex that lyses microbes
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membrane attack complex (MAC), C6-C9
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cytokines that activate endothelium
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TNF and IL-1
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class of cytokines that increase integrin affinity and are chemotacic
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chemokines
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cytokine that induces interfereon-gamma production by NK cells and T cells
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IL-12
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cytokine that activates macrophages
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IFNgamma
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anti-viral cytokines
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IFNa/b (Type I IFNs)
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cytokine that down-regulates immune responses
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IL-10
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pro-inflammatory cytokines
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TFN, IL-1, IL-6
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inducers of acute phase response
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IL-6, TNF, IL-1
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induces proliferation of plasma cells
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IL-6
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C-reactive protein, mannose-binding lectin and others
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acute phase proteins
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signals generated by innate immune response to stimulate lymphocytes
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B7, C3d, and IL-12
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substances given with vaccines that stimulate immune responses
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adjuvants
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neutrophils, macrophages, lymphocytes, basophils, esinophils
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cells quantified on a CBC
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