Immunity

Front 1

innate immunity
-examples

Back 1

non-specific; not as powerful but immediately available
-e.h. skin, stomach acid

Front 2

acquired immunity
-examples

Back 2

specific; more powerful but take time to activate
-e.g. lymphocytes, antibodies

Front 3

lymph node

Back 3

bunch of t & d lymphocytes, macrophages
act as filter for lymphatic fluid

Front 4

spleen

Back 4

giant lymph node for blood
strain out and attack foreign matter, dead/cancerous/worn out cells

Front 5

Peyer's patches

Back 5

in small intestine; process lymph fluid

Front 6

appendix

Back 6

processes lymph fluid

Front 7

sinuses

Back 7

cavities lined with lymphocytes, macrophages

Front 8

thymus

Back 8

where immature T lymphocytes go to complete maturation and formation

Front 9

keratin

Back 9

tough, fibrous, skeletal protein
produced by skin cells

Front 10

stratum corneum

Back 10

impervious top layer of skin, protects against dehydration and infection

Front 11

leukocytes found in blood

Back 11

neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages, eosinophils

Front 12

leukocytes found in tissues

Back 12

dendritic cells, natural killer cells, mast cells

Front 13

cytokines

Back 13

set of hormones for communication secreted/received by immune cells

Front 14

pyrogens

Back 14

induce fever

Front 15

what does fever do?

Back 15

nerve cells for body temp in brain increase temp, which increases metabolism, behavioral changes
slow down most cells, speed up some immune cells

Front 16

interferons

Back 16

released by virus-infected cells, act on nearby cells and signal them to turn on their immune defenses

Front 17

histamine

Back 17

local hormone released from mast cells, basophils

Front 18

prostaglandins

Back 18

20-carbon, short distances from activated microphages and other cells

Front 19

chemokines

Back 19

attract phagocytes

Front 20

inflammation

Back 20

vasodilation due to relaxing precapillary sphincters, increase flow and pressure in capillaries
leakier capillaries --> swelling due to accumulating interstitial fluid and activate pain signals

Front 21

4 signs of inflammation

Back 21

redness, swelling, pain, heat

Front 22

epitope/antigenic determinant

Back 22

binding sites on antigens

Front 23

antigen

Back 23

anything that provokes an immune response

Front 24

plasma cells

Back 24

antibody factories; secrete large numbers into blood

Front 25

memory B cells

Back 25

genetically identical to original B cell, able to mount attack against same antigen later in life

Front 26

neutralization

Back 26

antibodies coat viral cells

Front 27

opsonization

Back 27

antibodies coat bacterial cells

Front 28

agglutination

Back 28

clumping of viruses and bacteria

Front 29

precipitation

Back 29

soluble antigens precipitated by binding to antibodies

Front 30

complement activation

Back 30

proteins secreted by liver into blood spontaneously insert into membranes to form large pores, so water enters cell by osmosis; cell swells and bursts

Front 31

Membrane Attack Complex

Back 31

large pores formed by complement

Front 32

perforins

Back 32

released by cytotoxic T cells, self-assemble into small pores

Front 33

granzymes

Back 33

released by cytotoxic T cells, enter cell through perforin pores, trigger apoptosis

Front 34

antibodies

Back 34

globular proteins in plasma

Front 35

allergy (hypersensitivity)

Back 35

exaggerated immune response to a harmless stimulus

Front 36

anaphylactic shock

Back 36

caused by drop in blood pressure due to histamines and other signals released by exocytosis

Front 37

clonal selection

Back 37

only those cells which attack antigens get replicated

Front 38

MHC

Back 38

major histocompatibility complex genes, make MHC proteins
label every cell as belonging uniquely to you