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8 Cards in this Set
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Acyclovir (zovirax)
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active only against Herpes simplex virus family:
treats: herpes simplex genialis mucocutaneous herpes simplex infections varicella-zoster infections (Chik pox/shingles). Oral therapy: sfx: vertigo, GI:N/V, some diarrhea. can be used in pregnancy! IV therapy:(red flag that person is really sick if receiving med this way) Phlebitis (hotter and redder than usual), reversible nephrotoxicity:metabolite accumulates in kidneys, so you must flush with high volumes (200 ml/hr ns) while giving IV and then for a couple hours after to keep metabolites from settling in kidneys.(NCLEX) If not flushed, could lead to neurologic toxicity. Topical: stings. |
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Interferon alfa-2b (interon A)
PEG-interferon alfa |
FOr Hepatitis B & C.
PEG is the longer acting and better choice as compliance is easier to get. ADV FX: flu-like symptoms, malaise, soreness, side effects same as how person is feeling with Hep. B. the longer you take the drug, symptoms will reduce. Monitor liver function tests. Depression a biggie: suicide ideation and attempts have been made...WATCH closely! |
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Influenza vaccines: 2 types:
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Inactivated flu vaccine: shot: mild flu-like symptoms for a couple days.
Nasal: live-attenuated vaccine (LAIV) Flumist: only for 2-49 yr olds. vaccine works for 6 months, 4 months for geriatrics. protection begins 1-2 weeks after vaccination, so if you are already infected, won't help. small risk for anaphylaxis ,and maybe guillian-barre syndrome. DOn't get vaccine if: -you have a febrile illness (Acute) wait until better. Minor non-febrile illnesses don't exclude vaccines, but you still might react... you decide. -any egg sensitivities-avoid vaccine. |
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Tamiflu/Oseltamivir
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For influenza- small window of effectiveness.
Oral. Adv. FX: N/V. you must start dose w/in 48 hrs. of first flu symptom... hard to catch this window. Not effective otherwise. Neruaminidase inhibitor. |
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HIV treatment
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ART Therapy: Standard Antiretroviral therapy.
Lots of side effects, hard to adhere... but is lifelong...even if viral load is reduced to 0. If someone has symptoms, they get the cocktail. If they are asymptomatic, they should consider it for partner, and reduce infection rates. made up of 5 antiretroviral drugs: reverse transcriptase inhibitors integrease inhibitor protease inhibitor fusion inhibitor(blocks viral entry into cells) CCR5 antagonist: ccr5 is the receptor on the cd4 t helper cell that the virus binds onto...this blocks the binding. |
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zidovudine (Retrovir)
aka AZT or ZDV |
Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI)
inhibits HIV replicatoin by suppressing synthesis of viral DNA. ADV FX: anemia & neutropenia latic acidosis w/hepatic steatosis (Fatty degeneration of liver)- liver function tests are very high. GI effects (N/V/D) CNS reactions: headaches, insomnia, confusion, restlessness, rare seizures. many drug interactions. |
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cyclosporine (Sandimmune)
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suppresses the production of interleukin-2, interferon gamma and other cytokines.
Drug of choice for organ rejection (PREVENT) for kidneys, heart and liver- of allogenic transplant. also helps with some autoimmune diseases. ADV. FX: nephrotoxicity: 75% of people who get this have this..constant monitoring of creatinine and bun. Infections: UTI's most common, but BACTRIM/Septra can't be used: use Cipro. hepatotoxicity, lymphoma, tremor, HTN, hirsutism, leukopenia, gingival hyperplasia, gyneomastia, sinusitis, hyperkalemia, anaphylactic reaction. |
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Cyclosporine drug interactions
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drugs that can decrease cyclosporine levels: bactrim/septra.
drugs that can INCREASE cyclosporine levels in blood: antifungals (must lower doses) nephrotoxic with NSAIDS-never mix. Grapefruit juice- can increase cyclosporin levels up to 200% -never use. |
