Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
12 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What are the 4 classes of immunosuppressive drugs?
|
1. adrenocorticol steroids
2. cytotoxic agents 3. fungal agents 4. antibodies |
|
|
What are 3 cytotoxic drugs and how do they act?
|
1. azathioprine
2. 6-mercaptopurine 3. methotrexate They act by destroying rapidly dividing T and B cells. |
|
|
What is azathiopurine?
|
It's a purine anti-metabolite and a prodrug of 6-mercaptopurine. It inhibits both cell-mediated and humoral immunity and is a powerful anti-inflammatory agent.
Potentiates allopurinol's effects. Largely replaced by cyclosporine. |
|
|
How does cyclophosphamide work?
|
Toxic to B cells more than T cells, so suppresses humoral immunity more effectively.
|
|
|
How does methotrexate work? When is it used?
|
Inhibits folate metabolism, used in conjunction with azathioprine and cyclosporine in marrow transplants. Used because of its oral bioavailability and intrinsic antileukemic activity in bone marrow transplants.
|
|
|
prednisolone and methylprednisolone
|
- corticosteroids, limited use due to toxicity
- induce a rapid, transient reduction in blood lymphocytes following a large single dose - anti-inflammatory response since they turn off cytokine production and inhibit synthesis of arachidonic acid metabolites - orally active |
|
|
cyclosporine
|
- great for transplant patients
- specific for T-cells, inhibits the primary and secondary phases of cell-mediated immunity and the primary phase of the antibody-mediated response - inhibitor of chronic and immune-mediated inflammation - mxn: blocks the transcription of IL-2 gene |
|
|
FK506 (tacrolimus)
|
- macrolide antibiotic, 100x more potent than cyclosporine in prolonging graft survival
- similar mxn to cyclosporine |
|
|
rapamycin
|
- also binds FKBP, but works by inhibiting T-cell proliferation by interfering with the signal transduction pathway of the T cell growth factor
|
|
|
IL-2
|
promotes T-cell proliferation and has been used to treat renal cell carcinoma and melanoma in combination with cellular therapy
|
|
|
interferon alpha
|
used to fight hep B, hep C, genital warts caused by HPV, CML, squamous carcinomas
|
|
|
interferon gamma
|
reduces the frequency and severity of serious infections associated with chronic granulomatous disease
|
