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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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WHAT ARE THE DIFFERENT MODES OF DISEASE TRANSMISSION?
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DIRECT CONTACT
AIRBORNE VEHICLE (FOOD, WATER, INANIMATE OBJECT) VECTOR - ANIMALS THAT CARRY DISEASE (MOSQUITOS, TICKS, LICE, FLEAS) |
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__________ DISCOVERED PENICILLIN IN ____ BY WHAT PROCESS?
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ALEXANDER FLEMING
1928 OBSERVED THAT BREAD MOLD INHIBITS BACTERIAL GROWTH |
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WHERE DO T LYMPHOCYTES MATURE
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THYMAS GLAND
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WHAT IS THE INFLAMMATORY REACTION TO TISSUE DAMAGE?
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MAST CELLS (TYPE OF WHITE BLOOD CELL)
RELEASE HISTAMINE & KININS - CAUSING SKIN TO REDDEN AND BECOME WARM NEUTOPHILS & MONOCYTES GO TO THE INJURY- COMPLIMENT PROTEINS MARK BACKTERIA FOR DESTRUCTION LEAVE BLOOD AND TURN INTO MACROPHAGES - EAT PATHOGENS MOVE THRU LYMPH TO THE LYMPH NODES THAT FIGHT INFECTIONS |
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WHAT ARE NK CELLS
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NATURAL KILLER CELLS WITH NO MEMORY AND NO SPECIFICITY - THEY KILL VIRUS-INFECTED CELLS AND TUMOR CELLS
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WHAT IS LYMPH?
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A CLEAR FLUID THAT BATHES THE BODY'S TISSUES
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ORGANS OF IMMUNE SYSTEM ARE CONNECTED BY A NETWORK OF ____________ AND
CONVEYED THROUGH THE LYMPHATIC IN LYMPH |
LYMPHATIC VESSELS
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WHAT ARE LYMPH NODES?
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EACH BODY CAVITY HAS LYMPH NODES. SMALL SCTRUCTURES ALONG LYPHATIC VESSELS, COMPARTMENTS HAVE B CELLS THAT EAT OATGIGEBS & DEBRIS.
HAVE T CELLS PRESENT IN SINUSES FIGHT INFECTIONS & ATTACK CANCER CELLS |
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WHAT IS THE THYMAS GLAND?
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A PRIMARY LYMPHATIC ORGAN LOCATED IN ANTERIOR TO AORTA AND UPPER THORACIC CAVITY. SHRINKS AS WE GET OLDER.
WHERE T LYMPHOCYTES MATURE- IF THEY HAVE POTENTIAL TO ATTACK FOREIGN CELL-THEY LEAVE THYMUS CRITICAL TO IMMUNITY |
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WHAT IS RED BONE MARROW?
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PRIMARY LYMPHATIC ORGAN WHERE B CELLS MATURE.
WHERE STEM CELLS DIVIDE & PRODUCE BLOOD CELLS SUCH AS NEUTROPHILS, EOSINOPHILS, BASOPHILS, MONOCYTES & LYMPHOCYTES |
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WHAT IS THE SPLEEN?
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SECONDARY LYMPHATIC ORGAN - COMPARTMENTS OF TISSUE OF WHITE & RED PULPS. WHITE PULP CONTAINS LYMPHOCYTES.
RED PULP FILTERS BLOOD. BLOOD COMES HERE FROM SINUSES WHERE LYMPHOCYTES & MACROPHAGES EAT PATHOGENS AND REMOVE WORN-OUT CELLS |
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WHAT IS INFLAMMATORY REACTION?
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1. HISTAMINE CHEMICALS CAUSE BLOOD TO COME TO THE SCENE
2. TISSUE CELLS RELEASE CHEMICAL CAUSING NERVE ENDINGS TO ALERT SYSTEM NEUTORPHILS & MONOCYTES EAT MICROBES (MONOCYTES STIMULATE IMMUNE RESPONSE) |
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__________ IMMUNITY DEVELOPS NATURALLY UPON INFECTION OF PATHOGEN AND INCLUDE
VACCINES WHICH IS _______________ AGAINST CERTAIN DISEASES. |
ACTIVE
IMMUNIZATION |
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WHAT IS PASSIVE IMMUNITY?
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TEMPOARY IMMUNITY (NO MEMORY CELLS)BY PREPARED ANTIBODIES WHEN PERSON IS THREATENED BY INFECTIOUS DISEASE
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WHAT ARE THE NONSPECIFIC DEFENSES?
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Phagocytosis: by neutrophils, and macrophages.
Inflammatory response Signs: redness, warmth, swelling, pain Process: tissue damage leads to release of histamine, blood vessels dilate, complement marks bacteria, phagocytic cells arrive and remove invading microorganisms |
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WHAT ARE THE LINES OF DEFENSE?
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1.Natural killer cells: lymphocytes
2.Complement system: group of plasma proteins 3.Interferons: interfere with virus spread 4. Fever: increase host cell defenses and metabolic activity |
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WHAT ARE SPECIFIC DEFENSES?
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1. T cells require antigen processing
(APC) digests antigens and displays parts of it on the cell surface with help from the MHC protein 2. T cells can now recognize that specific antigens B cells react directly to antigens |
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WHAT IS THE FIRST LINE OF DEFENSE?
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Physical and chemical barriers
Skin: characteristics of barrier Structure: dead layer, inhospitable to microorganisms Constant replacement: many adhering microorganisms removed pH = 5-6: too acidic for many microorganisms |
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WHAT ARE THE CHARACTERISTICS OF T CELLS?
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PROVIDE CELL-MEDIATED IMMUNITY AGAINST VIRUS & CANCER CELLS
PRODUCED IN BONE MARROW, MATURE IN THYMUS MUST HAVE APC CYTOTOXIC T CELLS DESTROY NONSELF CELLS HELPER T CELLS SECRETE CYTOKINES THAT CONTROL IMMUNE RESPONSE |
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WHAT IS THE PROCESS OF APC, MHC & HLA?
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1. APC ENGULFS PATHOGEN AND BREAKS
INTO FRAGMENTS. 2. FRAGMENTS LINKED TO MHC - THEN PRESENTED TO T CELL 3. HELPER T CELL RECOGNIZES ANTIGEN 4. STIMULATES CYTOTOXIC T CELL TO DESTROY PATHOGEN AND INFECTED CELLS. |
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WHAT ARE VECTORS?
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ORGANISMS THAT CARRY DISEASE FOUND IN ANIMALS - INSECTS, ARACHNIDS, REPTILES, BIRD, MAMMALS
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WHAT ARE ADHESION FACTORS?
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ALL PATHOGENS TO BIND TO CELL SURFACES
(SPIKES) COVERED IN A SHELL STUDDED W/ 2 TYPES OF PROTEINS COMBINATION OF PROTEINS DETERMINES STRAIN |
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WHAT DOES CHEMOTHERAPY DO?
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DRUGS KILLS TUMOR CELLS AND NORMAL CELLS
DAMAGES DNA OR INTERFERES WITH DNA SYNTHESIS |
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WHAT DOES RADIATION DO?
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KILLS CANCER CELLS & HEALTHY CELLS -
CAUSES CANCER CELLS TO MUTATE AND CAUSES APOPTOSIS (CELL DEATH). |
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WHAT DOES SURGERY TO DO CANCER CELLS
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REMOVES TUMORS
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