Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
62 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What is the vertebral column innervated by?
|
the recurrant meningeal branch of the spinal nerves
|
|
|
Which fibers arise from mixed spinal nerves and reenter via the intervertebral foramina?
|
periosteum
ligamenta flava annulus fibrosus posterior longitudinal ligament spinal dura mater blood vessels in the vertebral canal |
|
|
Which fibers do NOT reenter the intervertebral canal?
|
anterolateral aspects of the vertebrae
IV discs |
|
|
Where does the spinal cord extend?
|
from the foramen magnum to L1/L2
|
|
|
Where does the spinal cord end?
|
conus medullaris (medullary cone)
|
|
|
What are the enlargements of the spinal canal?
|
cervical (C4-T1)
lumbar (T11-S1) |
|
|
What does the cervical enlargement form?
|
brachial plexus
|
|
|
What does the lumbar enlargement form?
|
lumbar and sacral plexi
|
|
|
Where is the cauda equina located?
|
lumbar cistern
|
|
|
What is the anchor point for the inferior end of the spinal cord and spinal meninges? It keeps pia mater of the spinal cord anchored to coccyx.
|
terminal filum
|
|
|
What are the spinal meninges?
|
spinal dura mater
spinal arachnoid mater subarachnoid space spinal pia mater |
|
|
What does the epidural space contain?
|
epidural fat (not CSF or blood)
|
|
|
What connects the spinal arachnoid mater to the pia mater?
|
arachnoid trabeculae
|
|
|
What is filled with CSF?
|
subarachnoid space
|
|
|
What is the extension of the pia mater which attaches to the dura mater?
|
denticulate ligaments
|
|
|
What are the layers of the spinal canal?
|
bone
extradural (epidural) space dura mater dura-arachnoid interface (space) arachnoid mater subarachnoid space (CSF) pia mater spinal cord |
|
|
What are the three longitudinal arteries?
|
anterior spinal artery
(paired) posterior spinal arteries |
|
|
What is the artery that branches off the vertebral artery laterally, not medially?
|
posterior and superior cerebral artery
|
|
|
Where do the three longitudinal arteries run?
|
from medulla to the medullary cone
|
|
|
In the inferior portions of the spinal cord, what are the anterior and posterior spinal arteries supplied by?
|
anterior and posterior segmental medullary arteries
|
|
|
What are the anterior and posterior roots of the spinal nerves supplied by?
|
anterior and posterior radicular arteries
|
|
|
What is the venous drainage of the spinal cord like?
|
paired vessels with spinal arteries
|
|
|
What muscles control limb and respiratory movements?
|
extrinsic muscles of the back
|
|
|
What muscles control vertebral movements and posture?
|
intrinsic muscles of the back
|
|
|
What is the origin of the rhomboid minor?
|
spines of C7-T1
|
|
|
What is the insertion of rhomboid minor?
|
root of spine of scapula
|
|
|
What does the rhomboid minor do?
|
adducts scapula (slightly elevates scapula)
|
|
|
What is the origin of the rhomboid major?
|
spines of T2-T5
|
|
|
What is the insertion of the rhomboid major?
|
medial border of scapula
|
|
|
What does the rhomboid major do?
|
adducts scapula
|
|
|
What is the origin of the latissimus dorsi?
|
spines of T5-T12
thoracodorsal fascia iliac crest ribs 9-12 |
|
|
What is the insertion of the latissimus dorsi?
|
floor of bicipital groove of humerus
|
|
|
What does the latissimus dorsi do?
|
adducts, extends, and rotates arm medially
|
|
|
What is the origin of the serratus posterior superior?
|
ligamentum nuchae
supraspinal ligament spines of C7-T3 |
|
|
What is the insertion of serratus posterior superior?
|
upper border of ribs 2-5
|
|
|
What does the serratus posterior superior do?
|
elevates ribs
|
|
|
What is the origin of the serratus posterior inferior?
|
supraspinous ligament
spines of T11-L3 |
|
|
What is the insertion of serratus posterior inferior?
|
lower border of ribs 9-12
|
|
|
What does the serratus posterior inferior do?
|
depresses ribs
|
|
|
What is the origin of splenius capitis?
|
nuchal ligament
spinous process of C7-T3(T4) |
|
|
What is the insertion of splenius capitis?
|
mastoid process of temporal bone
superior nuchal line of occipital bone |
|
|
What does the splenius capitis do?
|
laterally flexes neck/rotates head
|
|
|
What is the origin of splenius cervicis?
|
nuchal ligament
spinous process of C7-T3(T4) |
|
|
What is the insertion of splenius cervicis?
|
tubercles of transverse process of C1-C3(C4)
|
|
|
What do the splenius capitis and splenius cervicis do together?
|
extend head and neck
|
|
|
What are the 3 erector spinae muscles?
|
iliocostalis
longissimus spinalis |
|
|
What is the origin of the erector spinae muscles?
|
posterior iliac crest
posterior sacrum sacroiliac ligaments sacral and inferior lumbar spinous processes supraspinous ligament |
|
|
What is the insertion of the iliocostalis?
|
angle of ribs
cervical transverse processes |
|
|
What is the insertion of the longissimus?
|
transverse processes in thoracic and cervical regions
|
|
|
What is the insertion of spinalis?
|
spinous processes in upper thoracic region and cranium
|
|
|
What do the erector spinae muscles do when flexed bilaterally?
|
extend vertebral column and head
|
|
|
What do the erector spinae muscles do when flexed unilaterally?
|
laterally flex vertebral column
|
|
|
What are the 3 transversospinal muscles?
|
semispinalis
multifidis rotatores |
|
|
What is the origin of the semispinalis?
|
transverse process of C4-T12
|
|
|
What is the insertion of the semispinalis?
|
occipital bone and spinous processes in thoracic and cervical regions
|
|
|
What does the semispinalis do?
|
extends head and thoracic and cervical regions of vertebral column
rotates them contralaterally |
|
|
What is the origin of the multifidis?
|
posterior sacrum
posterior superior iliac spine aponeurosis of erector spinae sacroiliac ligaments mammillary processes of lumbar vertebrae transverse process of T1-T3 articular process of C4-C7 |
|
|
What is the insertion of the multifidis?
|
entire length of spinous processes (thickest in lumbar region)
|
|
|
What does the multifidis do?
|
stabalizes vertebrae during local movements of vertebral column (keep vertebrae from waddling side to side when you are moving)
|
|
|
What is the origin of the rotatores?
|
transverse processes of vertebrae (especially in thoracic region)
|
|
|
What is the insertion of the rotatores?
|
junction of lamina and transverse process or spinous process superior to vertebrae of origin
|
|
|
What does the rotatores do?
|
stabilize vertebrae and assist with local extension and rotatory movements of vertebral column
|
