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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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internal memory (1.1) |
(also main memory) volatile data storage spaces that are accesible to the CPU |
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graphics card (1.1) |
a printed circuit board that controls output to a display screen or monitor |
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sound card (1.1) |
a printed circuit board that controls output to speakers and headphones |
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network interface card (NIC) (1.1) |
a printer circuit board that allows the computer to communicate with other devices over a network |
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Applications software (1.1) |
programs that carry out operations for specific applications, such as word processing, spreadsheets or presentations. Application softwares cannot run on its own without system software |
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System software (1.1) |
system software provides the services that the computer requires to operate |
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Operating system (OS) (1.1) |
the operating system is a collection of programs to control and manage all of the software and hardware of the computer system |
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utility software (1.1) |
Part of the system software that can analyse, configure, optimise and maintain a computer to keep it working as well as possible |
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Compilers (1.1) |
convert the program written by a human in high-level language into code that the microprocessor can understand (binary code) |
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linkers (1.1) |
take one or more of the files produced by the compilers and combines them into a program that the microprocessor can execute |
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computer (1.1) |
a device that follows a set of instructions to carry out logical and arithmetical operations |
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computer system (1.1) |
a computer combined with other equipment to carry out desired functions |
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hardware (1.1) |
the physical parts of a computer system, the parts you can touch. This includes the motherboard, CPU keyboard, mouse, printer, and so on |
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software (1.1) |
programs or applications that give instructions to the computerto tell it what to do |
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component (1.1) |
the parts that make up a whole machine. The internal parts are usually referred to as components and the external devices as 'peripherals' |
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central processing unit (1.1) |
the unit which performs most of the processing inside a computer |
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control unit (CU) (1.2) |
- coordinates the actions of the computer and manages the various components of the computer and controls the execution of program instructions - sends out control signals to the other parts of the CPU |
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arithmetic and logic unit (ALU) (1.2) |
- carries out arithmetical and logical operations - addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, comparisons |
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clock (1.2) |
- controls the rate at which the CPU works - one instruction per pulse; pulses per second is called the clock speed - the higher the clock speed, the faster the CPU will be able to carry out the program instructions |
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registers (1.2) |
- memory storage locations within the CPU |
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random-access memory (RAM) (1.2) |
- attached to the motherboard - stores data and applications while they are being used - volatile : loses the data once the computer is switched off |
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read-only memory (ROM) (1.2) |
- memory that has data preinstalled so it cannot be removed ; can be read but not changed - non-volatile : data is retained even when the power is switched off |
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input devices (1.2) |
- any hardware device that sends data to a computer |
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output device (1.2) |
- any device used to send data from a computer to another device or user |
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backing storage device (1.2) |
a secondary storage device that will continue to hold data even after the computer has been turned off (measured in GB or TB) |
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operating system (1.3) |
a set of programs that controls how the computer interacts with the users and peripherals |
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user interfaces (1.3) |
- the system that people use to interact with the computer or communicate with the operating systems |
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command line interface (CLI) (1.3) |
- users type in commands to instruct the computer - require very little computer power - commands have to be entered accurately (but they are not very obvious) |
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graphical user interface (GUI) (1.3) |
- visual interfaces - easy to use (represented by icons) - use up a lot of the internal memory to run and take up a lot of storage space |
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dialogue-based interface (1.3) |
- speech commands - uses voice to send instructions to the computer - needs to learn the words the computer will accept - difficult to program and are expensive |
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gesture-based interface (1.3) |
- input from human movements - no use of a mouse / no need to type in commands |
