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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Extradural space of the spinal cord |
Fat Venous plexus |
What does it contain |
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Dentate ligaments |
Lateral projections of the pia matter around the spinal cord They extend to the dura where they help to stabalise the spinal cord |
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Filum terminale |
Pia thread that anchors the lower end of the spinal cord to the coccygeal vertebrae |
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Lumbar cistern |
Subarachnoid space below the end of the spinal cord Contains lumbar and sacral spinal roots (cauda equina) |
What is it What does it contain |
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Cauda Equina |
Lumbar and sacral spinal roots (L2 - S5) |
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Conus medularis |
The point at which the spinal cord gives rise to the Cauda equina and Filum terminale (L1 - L2) |
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Why should you not perform a lumbar puncture if a high ICP is suspected |
This could cause rapid decompression which could lead to herniation of the cerebellar tonsils causing brainstem haemorrhage and death |
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Hyper-reflexia |
Complication of spinal cord injury at T5 and above Overactivity of the autonomic nervous system. E.g. Stimulus such as full bladder send nerve impulses up the spinal cord but is blocked by the lesion This causes a reflex which increases sympathetic tone resulting in spasms and narrowing of blood vessels. The increase in blood pressure is detected by receptors in the heart leading to slowing down of the heart and vasodilation of vessels above the level of injury. This causes uncontrolled hypotension. |
What is it Example |
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Ascending tracts of the CNS |
Dorsal columns- medial lemniscus Lateral spinothalamic tract Spinocerebellar tract |
3 |
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Descending tracts of the CNS |
Corticospinal tract Vestibulospinal tract Reticulospinal tract |
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Dorsal columns-medial lemniscus |
Ascending pathway Sharp pain, proprioception, 2 point tactile Decussation at the brainstem |
Ascending or descending pathway What type of information/instruction does it carry Decussation point |
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Lateral spinothalamic tract |
Ascending pathway Full pain, temperature Decussation in the spinal cord at level of input |
Ascending/descending What type of information/instruction does it carry Decussation point |
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Spinocerebellar tract |
Ascending Proprioception for smooth and precise movement |
Ascending/descending What type of information/instruction does it carry |
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Corticospinal tract |
Descending Voluntary controls of upper and lower limbs Decussation at the brainstem |
Ascending/descending What type of information/instruction does it carry Decussation point |
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Vestibulospinal tract |
Descending Controls ant-gravity muscles that allow for standing, sitting and maintaining balance |
Ascending/descending What type of information/instruction does it carry |
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Reticulospinal tract |
Descending Larger movement of trunk and limbs that do not require balance or fine movement of upper limbs |
Ascending/descending What type of information/instruction does it carry |
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Corticobulbar tract |
Descending Controls movement of face, head and neck |
Ascending/descending What type of information/instruction does it carry |
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Dysarthria |
Difficult/unclear articulation |
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Ataxia |
Loss of full control of body movement |
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Nystagmus |
Involuntary eye movement often resulting in reduced vision |
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Cervical enlargement |
C4 - T1 Brachial plexus |
Vertebral level What does it contain |
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Lumbar enlargement |
L2 - S3 Lumbosacral plexus |
Vertebral level What does it contain |
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Muscles of mastication |
Innervated by V3 of trigeminal 2 suprahyoid muscles: mylohyoid + anterior belly of digastric Tensor tympani Tensor veli palatine |
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