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49 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
(True or False)
Crying, Smiling, and laughing are reflexes, not emotions. |
False
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(True or False)
Complex emotions seem to develop from earlier, simpler ones. |
True
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(True or False)
The range of basic emotions seem to be universal, but there are cultural variations in their expressions. |
True
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|
(True or False)
Children all fall into one category of temperament. |
False
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|
(True or False)
Temperamental patterns appear largely to be inborn and are generally stable, but can be modified by experience. |
True
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|
(True or False)
There are very few differences in child raising world wide. |
False
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(True or False)
In most cultures, mothers, even when employed outside of the home, provide more infant care than fathers. |
True
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(True or False)
Mothers in Fathers in some cultures have different styles of play with babies. |
True
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|
(True or False)
Significant gender differences appear before infancy. |
False
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|
(True or False)
Parents start gender typing boys and girls almost from birth. |
True
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(True or False)
Erickson's first crisis of personality is autonomy versus shame and doubt. |
False
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(True or False)
Attachment to fathers occurs much later than attachment to mothers. |
False
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|
(True or False)
Separation and stranger anxiety do not appear until the age of 3. |
False
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(True or False)
Researchers gauge mutual regulation by the still face paradigm. |
True
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|
(True or False)
Separation and stranger anxiety are no longer considered to be components of attachment. |
True
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(True or False)
The Adult Attachment Interview can predict the security of attachment on the basis of a parent's memories of her or his own childhood attachment. |
True
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|
(True or False)
The belief that babies, after about the age of 6 months, show social referencing has been established. |
False
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|
(True or False)
The self concept begins to emerge at the age of 3 years. |
False
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(True or False)
The self concept includes both cognition and emotion. |
True
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(True or False)
Negativism is a normal manifestation of the shift from external control to self control. |
True
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(True or False)
Mother's work force participation during a child's first 3 years seems to have little or no impact on the child's development. |
True
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(True or False)
High quality day care may offset insensitive mothering. |
True
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|
(True or False)
Children with generally happy temperament, regular biological rhythms, and a readiness to accept new experiences are known as "easy children". |
True
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(True or False)
Self conscious and evaluative emotions arise before the development of self awareness. |
False
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Infants are intensely preoccupied with their principal care giver, may become afraid of strangers, and act subdued in new situations at the age of ____?
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9 to 12 months
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Infants begin to play social games and try to get responses from people at the age of ___?
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6 to 9 months
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The first and most powerful way that infants communicate their needs is through ___?
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Crying
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What kind of cry is characterized by two or three drawn-out cries, with no prolonged breath-holding?
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Frustration Cry
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What kind of cry is characterized by a sudden onset with no preliminary moaning, sometimes followed by holding the breath.
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Pain Cry
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Babies indicate their emotions through what things?
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Facial Expressions, motor activity, and body language
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When do emotions such as embarrassment, empathy, and envy arise?
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After the development of self awareness
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The fourth cognitive shift in brain organization comes at what age?
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Age of 3
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Which year does self awareness and self conscious emotions develop?
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Second Year
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The New York Longitudinal Study is considered______.
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The Pioneering study on temperament
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What is a child called that has mildly intense reactions, both positive and negative, responds slowly to novelty and change, and gradually develops liking for new stimuli after repeated, unpressed exposures.
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Slow-to-Warm-Child
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Research evidence points to the idea that temperament is _____.
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Stable, inborn, and largely hereditary
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In china, children who exhibit shyness and inhibitions are _____.
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Socially Approved
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In Canada, children who exhibit shyness and inhibition are _____.
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Considered immature
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Harlow's research with monkeys showed what?
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Mothering includes close body contact, and feeding is not the most important thing babies get from mothers
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Trust versus mistrust continues through what ages?
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until about 18 months of age
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Measurable differences between baby boys and baby girls are ______.
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Few
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Overall fathers are what?
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less talkative, negative, and supportive in their speech than mothers
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According to Erickson, the critical element in developing trust is what?
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Sensitive, responsive, consistent, and care giving
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A baby who cries when the mother leaves and greets her happily when she returns is displaying what?
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Secure Attachment
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A baby who does not cry when the mother leaves and avoids her when she returns is displaying what?
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Avoidance Attachment
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What do researchers do to measure attachment?
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See what happens when the mother returns from being away
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Securely attached toddlers are what?
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More sociable with their peers and more sociable with unfamiliar adults
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The "Still Face" paradigm is a research method used to study ____.
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Mutual Regulation
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Both as infants and pre-schoolers, children with severely or chronically depressed mothers tend to be ___.
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Insecurely Attached
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