Chapter 31- Plant Structure, Growth, And Reproduction

Front 1

What are the two main groups of angiosperms?

Back 1

Monocots and Dicots

Front 2

Cotyledons

Back 2

Seed (embryo) leaves

Front 3

Moncots

Back 3

One cotyledon

Main veins usually parallel

Vascular bundles in complex arrangements

Floral parts usually in multiples of 3

Fibrous root system

Front 4

Dicots

Back 4

Two cotyledon

Main veins usually branched

Vascular bundles arranged in ring

Floral parts usually in multiples of 4/5

Taproot usually present

Front 5

A typical plant body consists of _____and ______

Back 5

roots ; shoots

Front 6

Where do plants draw their resources from?

Back 6

Roots and shoots

Front 7

Root System

Back 7

Anchors plants in soil

Absorbs/transports minerals/H2O

Stores food

Front 8

Roots hairs _____ absorptive surface

Back 8

Increase

Front 9

Shoot System

Back 9

Obtains CO2 & light from air

Stem(nodes/internodes) support leaves/flowers

Front 10

Leaves are ______ organs; flowers are _______ organs (terminal/axillary buds)

Back 10

Photosynthetic; reproductive

Front 11

Apical dominance

Back 11

Is an evolutionary adaptation the increase the plant's exposure to light

Front 12

Many plants have modified ______, _______, and _______

Back 12

Roots , stems, and leaves

Front 13

Function of modified roots

Back 13

Store sugar

Front 14

Function of modified stems

Back 14

Stolons enables a plant to reproduce asexually

Rhizomes store food and can form new plants

Tubers are structures specialize for storage

Front 15

Function of modified leaves

Back 15

Store food or water

Fn in protection of plant

Aid in climbing (tendrils)

Front 16

The three tissue systems that make up the plant body

Back 16

Dermal, vascular, and ground

Front 17

Dermal tissue system

Back 17

Forms outer protective covering of the plant; epidermis and cuticle

Front 18

Vascular tissue system

Back 18

Contains xylem and phone

Provides long-distance transport/support

Front 19

Ground tissue system

Back 19

Most of the bulk of the petals

Pith

Cortex

Front 20

Pith is _____ to vascular tissue; cortex is ______ to vascular tissue

Back 20

Internal; external

Front 21

Arrangement of tissue systems in root

Back 21

Vascular cylinder is in center

Ground tissue system consists entirely of cortex

Front 22

Vascular cylinder structure

Back 22

Xylem radiates out

Phloem fills in space

Front 23

Arrangement of tissue in stem

Back 23

Vascular tissue in vascular bundles

-Dicot, arranged in a ring

-Monocot, scattered throughout ground tissue

Ground tissue

-Dicot, has both cortex and pith region

-Monocot, not divided into regions

Front 24

Arrangement of tissue in leaf

Back 24

Epidermis interrupted by stomata flanked by guard cells

Mesophyll ground tissue sandwiched between lower and upper epidermis

Vascular system made up of network veins

Front 25

Plant cells 3 unique structures/functions

Back 25

Chloroplasts, the sites of photosynthesis

Central vacuole, containing fluid

Cell wall, surrounds the plasma membrane

Front 26

What are the five major types of cells?

Back 26

Parenchyma, collenchyma, sclerenchyma, fibers, sclereids

Front 27

Parrenchyma

Back 27

Perform most of the plants metabolic functions

Front 28

Collenchyma

Back 28

Provides support

Front 29

Sclerenchyma

Back 29

Form a rigid skeleton that supports the plant the main component of wood

Front 30

Fibers

Back 30

Long cells arranged in bundles

Front 31

Sclereids

Back 31

Shorter, have very hard secondary walls

Front 32

Xylem in vascular tissue

Back 32

Conveys water and minerals

Front 33

Pholem in vascular tissue

Back 33

Transport sugars

Front 34

Water conducting cells in angiosperms

Back 34

Tracheids and vessel elements

Hollow tubes of dead cell walls

Front 35

Food conducting cells

Back 35

Sieve-tube members separated by sieve plates

Front 36

What are flowering plants categorized by?

Back 36

Basis of length of life cycle

Front 37

Annuals

Back 37

Complete life cycle in a single year or less

Front 38

Biennials

Back 38

Complete life cycle in 2 years

Front 39

Perennials

Back 39

Live and reproduce for many years

Front 40

Primary growth _______ a plant to grow in length; primary growth ______ behind the root tip in 3 zones

Back 40

Enables; occurs

Front 41

Apical meristems

Back 41

Are unspecialized cells that continue to give rise to new cells

Front 42

Location of apical meristems

Back 42

Tips of rod and terminal/axillary buds of shoots

Front 43

Structures of apical meristem

Back 43

Covered by protective root cap that is sloughed off during growth

Front 44

What are the 3 zones where primary growth occurs?

Back 44

Zone of cell division, zone of elongation, zone of maturation

Front 45

Secondary growth ______ the girth of woody plants

Back 45

Increases

Front 46

Secondary growth is produced by _______

Back 46

Lateral meristems

Front 47

Lateral meristems

Back 47

Two cylinders of dividing cells, vascular cambium and Cork cambium