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9 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What cells maintain glutamate and potassium homeostasis in the brain? |
Astrocytes |
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What are 3 cells that mediate the inflammatory response in the brain? |
1.) Microglia 2.) Astrocytes 3.) Neurons |
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Where do the precursors for microglial cells come from? |
The yolk sac of the developing embryo |
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What are the 5 stages of microglial activation? |
1.) Ramified stage (R-stage) 2.) Withdrawal stage (W-stage) 3.) Transitional stage (T-stage) 4.) Motile stage (M-stage) 5.) Locomotory stage (L-stage) |
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What are 6 effects of microglia activation? |
1.) Recruitment and reactivation of T-cells 2.) Release of inflammatory cytokines, free radicals, and proteases 3.) Toxicity to neurons and OPC's 4.) Release of neurotropic factors 5.) Clearance of myelin debris 6.) Axon regeneration
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What molecules stimulate a microglial cell into becoming pro-inflammatory (M1)? What cytokines does the M1 microglia secrete? |
1.) LPS INF-gamma 2.) IL-1B, IL-6, TNF-alpha, CCL2, ROS, NO |
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What molecules stimulate a microglial cell into becoming an M2 microglia? What cytokine does an M2 microglia secrete and what does it do? |
1.) IL-4 and IL-13 2.) IL-10- It inhibits M1 microglia |
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What are 4 neurological conditions in which neuroinflammation is a problem? |
1.) MS 2.) ALS 3.) PD 4.) AD |
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What are the 5 pathways across the BBB? What are examples of molecules that utilize these pathways? |
1.) Paracellular aqueous- Water-soluble molecules 2.) Transcellular lipophilic pathway- Lipid-soluble agents 3.) Transport proteins- Glucose, amino acids, nucleosides 4.) Receptor-mediated transcytosis- Insulin, transferrin 5.) Absorptive transcytosis- Albumin/plasma proteins |
