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63 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Displacement
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Distance in a given direction from a fixed origin. It is a vector.
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Velocity
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the rate of change with time of the displacement vector. It is a vector and is the gradient of a graph of displacement versus time.
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Speed
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distance travelled per unit time. It is a scalar quantity
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Acceleration
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the rate of change with time of the velocity vector. It is a vector and is the gradient of a graph of velocity versus time.
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Linear momentum
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product of mass and velocity. It is a vector
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Impulse
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total change in the momentum of a system as a result of a force acting on it. It is a vector whose magnitude is given by the area under a force versus time graph
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Power
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the rate at which work is performed; rate at which energy is tranferred
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Efficiency
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ratio of useful output work to input work
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mole
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amount of substance that contains the same number of molecules as there are atoms in 12 g of carbon-12
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molar mass
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mass of one mole of a substance
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avogadro constant
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number of molecules in one mole of a substance. 6.022 x 10^23
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Specific heat capacity
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the energy needed for unit mass to undergo a unit increase in temperature
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thermal capacity
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energy needed to raise the temperature of a specified object by 1K
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Specific latent heat
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energy required to melt or vaporize a unit mass at constant temperature
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pressure
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force normal to an area per unit area
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displacement (for an oscillating particle)
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the distance the particle moves in a particular direction from its mean position
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amplitude
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maximum displacement from equilibrium position
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frequency
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number of complete oscillations per unit time
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period
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time taken for one complete oscillation (cycle)
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phase difference
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an angle that represents the difference in motion between two oscillators
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simple harmonic motion
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the oscillatory motion of a system in which there is a fixed equilibrium position and the acceleration of the system is proportional to and opposite to its displacement away from the fixed equilibrium position; a = -ωx^2
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wavelength
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length of a full wave (crest to crest). It is the distance travelled in one period.
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wave speed
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the speed at which energy is transferred by the wave
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Intensity
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the rate of the energy transfer per unit area (proportional to square of the amplitude)
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electric potential difference
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the work done per unit charge in moving a small positive test charge from one point to another
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electron volt
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the work done in moving a charge of e through a potential difference of one volt
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electric current
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amount of charge per unit time that passes through the cross sectional area of a conductor
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resistance
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ratio of voltage across a conductor to the current through it
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emf
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work per unit charge done in moving a positive test charge across the terminals of a battery
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gravitational field strength
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the gravitational force experienced by a point test particle of unit mass
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electric field strength
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the electric force per unit charge experienced by a positive unit test charge
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magnitude of magnetic field
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the force on a unit charge moving at unit velocity at right angles to the magnetic field
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direction of magnetic field
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the direction that the north pole of a small test compass would point if placed in the magnetic field. The direction of the magnetic field B is at right angles to the force it exerts.
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nucleon number
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number of nucleons in a nucleus
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proton number
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number of protons in a nucleus
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neutron number
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number of neutrons in a nucleus
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radioactive half-life
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the time taken for one half of the number of radioactive nuclei in a sample to decay; the time taken for the activity of a sample to decrease to one half its initial value
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unified atomic mass unit (amu)
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1/12 of the mass of an atom of carbon-12
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mass defect
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difference between the mass of the nucleus and the sum of the masses of its constituent nucleons
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binding energy
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minimum energy required to separate a nucleus into free, unbound nucleons
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binding energy per nucleon
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minimum energy required to separate a nucleus into free, unbound nucleons divided by the number of nucleons
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energy density
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amount of energy that can be obtained from a unit mass of fuel
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albedo
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ratio of the intensity of radiation scattered and reflected from an object to the intensity of incident radiation
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surface heat capacity
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amount of thermal energy required for a unit surface area to undergo a unit increase in temperature
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coefficient of volume expansion
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fractional change in volume per unit temperature increase
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gravitational potential
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work done in bringing a point test particle of unit mass from infinity to a point in the gravitational field
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gravitational potential energy
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work done in moving two point masses, which are initially far apart, until they are separated by a distance r
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Magnetic flux
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product of the magnetic field strength and a cross-sectional area and the cosine of the angle between the magnetic field and the normal to the area
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magnetic flux linkage
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the product of the magnetic flux through a single turn and the total number of turns in a coil
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decay constant
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probability that a particular radioactive nucleus will decay per unit time
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capacitance
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amount of charge that can be stored on a body per unit electric potential
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quantum efficiency
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ratio of # of electrons emitted to number of incident photons
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magnification
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ratio of the length of the image on the CCD to the length of the object
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light year
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distance light travels in one year in a vacuum
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luminosity
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the amount of energy radiated by a star per second (or power radiated by a star)
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apparent brightness
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energy received per second per unit area of detector
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parsec
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distance to a star whose parallax is 1 arcsecond; 1 pc = 3.26 ly
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absolute magnitude
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apparent magnitude a star would have if observed from a distance of 10 pc
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critical density
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density of the universe for which expansion continues forever at a slowing rate and stops after an infinite amount of time; a universe with a density equal to the critical density is said to be "flat"
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proper time interval
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time interval between two events at the same point in space; it is the shortest time interval between the events measured by any inertial observer
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proper length
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length of an object in its rest frame; it is the greatest length measured by any observer
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rest mass
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mass of an object in its rest frame
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schwarzschild radius
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radius at which a spherical, non-rotating star becomes a blackhole
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