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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Major iron ores |
Haematite (Fe2O3) & magnetite (Fe3O4) |
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Blast furnace reaction: coke |
C(s) + O2(g) -> CO2(g) CO2(g) + C(s) -> 2CO(g) |
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Blast furnace reaction: limestone |
CaCO3(s) -> CaO(s) + CO2(g) => CaC(l) + SiO2(l) -> CaSiO3(l) CaO(l) + Al2O3(l) -> CaAl2O4(l) => SLAG |
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Blast furnace reaction: coke & iron ore |
3Fe2O3(s) + CO(g) -> 2Fe3O4(s) + CO2(g) Fe3O4(s) + CO(g) -> 3FeO(s) + CO2(g) FeO(s) + CO(g) -> Fe(s) + CO2(g) => PIG IRON |
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Crude is converted to steel via... |
basic oxygen process |
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In alloys... |
at least one component must be metal |
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Most alloys are... |
homogeneous |
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Alloying can... |
make a metal harder, stronger and corrossion resistant |
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Steel is... |
strong, hard and versatile |
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Iron is... |
soft and corrodes easily |
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Extraction of aluminium from alumina reaction (using cryolite to lower the melting point of the electrolyte) |
3C(s) + 2Al^3+(l) + 6O^2-(l) -> 3CO2(g) + 2Al(l) |
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Aluminium alloys are... |
light, strong and used extensively in the transport industry |
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Both aluminium and iron industry... |
have environmental impact because they consume lot of energy |
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90% of crude oil... |
is used to make fuels |
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Example of cracking reaction |
C3H8(g) -> C2H4(g) + CH4(g) (reversible arrow) |
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Addition polymers are formed from monomers containing... |
C=C double bond |
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Physical properties of polymers are affected by factors such as... |
molecule size, degree of crosslinking, extent of branching effect |
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Homogeneous catalyst has... |
same state as reactants |
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Heterogeneous catalyst has... |
different state to reactants |
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Factors to consider when choosing a catalyst are... |
selectivity, durability, availability, environmental impact |
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Fuel cells... |
convert chemical energy to electrical energy |
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Secondary cells include... |
lead-acid cell, nickel-cadmium cell, lithium ion cell |
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Thermotropic liquid crystals... |
are pure substances |
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Lyotropic liquid crystals... |
only exist in solution |
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LCD uses... |
liquid crystals |
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Bundles of nanotubes are... |
even stronger than Kevlar^TM |
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Condensation polymers... |
form due to reactions between functional groups on the monomers |
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LDPE... |
is formed using organo-peroxide compounds as catalysts |
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HDPE... |
is formed using Ziegler-Natta catalysts |
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Twisted nematic liquid crystals... |
are used in LCDs. |
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Orientantion of twisted nematic liquid crystals... |
changes when electric field is applied (in LCDs). |
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Kevlar^TM has... |
liquid-crystal properties. |
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Fibres of Kevlar^TM... |
are spun from solution in concentrated sulfuric acid. |
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Chlor-alkali industry... |
produces chlora and caustic soda from brine by mercury, membrane and diaphgram electrolytic cells |
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Membrane cell... |
uses least energy (of cells) and has no toxic substances in it. |
