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83 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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19 million fibers connect the cerebral cortex with the _ whose fibers connect with the celebellar cortex?
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Pons
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In the adult brain, the central canal of the embryonic neural tubes forms the what?
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Ventricles
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What produces myelin?
What are these cells classified as? |
Schwann cells, and olgiodendrocyctes; glial cells
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What is the purpose of myelin?
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Speeding up conduction
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What do axon cells have?
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Myelin
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Do you see any endoplasmic reticuliun in this exoplasm of axons?
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NO
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What do you call the endoplasm in a nerve cell?
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Nissl Body
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What do you have in axons?
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cytoskeleton, made up mircotubles and micro filaments
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What is the main purpose of cytoskeleton?
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Guide flow of mitochondria, lipids, synaptic vesicles, proteins and other cell parts to and from a neuron’s cell body (soma) through the axoplasm
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What is the area where the axon meets the soma and there is no endoplasmic reticulum?
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Axon Hillock
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What causes the iris to constrict
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smooth muscle by parasympathetic nervous system
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What are the functions of the astrocyte?
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Foot process at
1. Node of Ranvier 2. Synapse 3. ependymocell 4. paliglial membrane 5. Capillary |
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Why does it wrap around the capillary?
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Blood brain barrier
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What is neurogensis?
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Formation of the nervous system
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Which structure has not shown neurogenesis?
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Anterior horn
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Does the dentate gyrus show neurogenesis?
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Yes
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The Olfactory bulb connects to what in the superior aspect of nasal cavity?
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Olfactory epithelium
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Is there neurogensis in the olfactory epithelium?
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Yes
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Does the visceral nervous system innervate smooth muscle?Does it innervate heart muscle?
Does it innervate skeletal muscle? |
Yes;Yes;No
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What kind of sensory does the Fissura faciculus deal with?
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Pain
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Are ventricles large or small in AIDS patients?
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Very large
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700 cc of cerebral spinal fluid is produced each day, and where does it flow around the CNS?
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subarachnoid space
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How does the CSF go back in to the Vense system
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through arachnoid granulation
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What kinds of cells form most of the brain?
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neurons and glial
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What do we call the neurons in the brain?
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Internurons
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What is the gland near the hypothalamus?What does it do?
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Pineal glan);Regulate circadian rhythm
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What do we can functional groups with similar function in any of these funiculi?
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faciculus
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What does the thalamus do?
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relay station for sensations, all except olfaction
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What is the Inferior colliculi’s function
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auditory
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What are the functions of the hypothalamus?
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1. higher center for autonomic nervous sys
2. regulates body temp 3. regulates thirst 4. regulates appetite 5. plays a role with emotions 6. forming releasing hormones for anterior pituitary hormones 7. produces hormones for posterior pituitary |
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The olfactory sensations are coming from what part of your neural tube?
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telencephalon
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The optic nerves are coming from what part of you neural tube?
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diencephalon
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The oculomotor nerves are coming from what part of your neural tube?
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mesencephalon
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What does the III nerve do?
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move eyes, lifts eyelid (muscle levator palpebrae)
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The general efferent nerve extends to only one eye muscle, which muscle is it, what is the nerve called?
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lacteral rectus muscle; by nerve VI the abducens
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What nerve comes out of the cerebello pontine angle?
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VII and VIII, VII is the first
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What does VII do for you?
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facial expression, raise eyebrows, tastebuds on ant 2/3 of tongue
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What does nerve VIII do?
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balance and hearing
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What nerves come out of the medulla?
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8-12
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Where does the X nerve go to?
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heart, slows it down “vagus”
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What does the basal ganglia do?
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modify motor behavior
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What bone makes up the septum between the 2 nasal cavities?
What kind of cartilage is anterior to these 2 bones? |
vomer, perpedicular plate of ethmoid;
hyline cartilage |
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What empties into the inferior meatus (concha)?
Does the nasal lacrimal duct only empty into that one? |
nasal lacrimal duct; Y
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What will the nerves contain in the Brachal Plexus?
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Somatic efferent fibers, not afferent
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Does the oligodendrocyte form myelin in the PNS?
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N, forms myelin in the CNS
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Can dendritic spines have synapses on them?
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Yes
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Dendrites are extensions of the cell membrane and they convey impulses away from the soma, T/F?
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False
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What do we call the last division of the channels lung?
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Alveoli
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What are dust cells?
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Phagoctyic cells in the lung that pick up carbon from cigarettes
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What other structures do we have down at the level of the alveoli?
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elastic fibers, secretory cells that produces surfactant
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How can you tell the right lobe from the left?
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right has 3, left has 2
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What is covering the outside of lungs? What do we call the base of the lung? What do we call this surface?
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(pleura)
(diaphragmatic surface) (costal surface) |
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Does cancer of the lung frequently matasised to the brain?
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Yes
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What kind of cartilage makes up the opening of the trachea?
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hyline, c shaped, posterior
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What is behind the trachea?
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Esophogus
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If someone has an apple caught at 7, should you go above or below for the trachyotomy?
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Below
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What does stress do to synapses?
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Decrease their strength
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What come in from the outside of synapse when the electrical impulses come down?
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CA++
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What does (CA++) combine with in the synapse?
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Calmodulin
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What does hydrocephalus means?
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CSF blockage of the brain
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The lateral ventricle communicates with the 3rd ventricle, T/F?
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True
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What are the derivates of the myelencephalon?
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medulla oblongata
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What happens when the cephalic (head) end of the neural tube fails to close?
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no brain develops = anencephaly
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What are the two nerves that come out of the mesencephalon?
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III, IIV (3+4)
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What is over the 3rd nerve nuclease?
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Superior coliculi
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Is the hippocampus an neo cortex or an archi cortex?
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archi cortex
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If I have a temporal field of vision, does it cross in the optic chiaism?
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yES
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What is the fiber that goes from the dorsal root ganglia into the spinal cord?
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Dorsal root ganglia
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On what gyri do you find a homunculus?
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pre and post central gyrus
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Are puititary hormones directly regulated by the thalamus?
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No
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What do we call a group of fibers with like function in white matter?
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faciculus
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If you have a lesion of the neural pathway above the anterior horn cell, what kind of lesion is that?
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upper motor lesion
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What is a symptom of LMNL?
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Paralysis, no reflexes, atrophy
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The cortico spinal tract originating in the right motor cortex influence voluntary movements in the right side of the body, T/F?
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False
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The right lateral spinal tract conveys pain and temp sensations to the right posterior central gyrus, T/F?
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True
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Sensory pathways to the cerebral cortex usually has three neurons, what are they?
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1 = dorsal root ganglia, 2=substantia gelationossa in the posterior horn, 3=thalamus
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If we have a LMNL will you have spastic paralysis?
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No
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What kind of epithelium lines the respiratory tract?
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pseudo stratified columnar ciliated with globlet cells
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Does respiratory epithelium line the nasal cavity?
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No
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What two bones make up the hard palate?
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(anterior maxillary, posterior pallitine
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Where does the middle meatus drain from??
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frontal and maxillary sinus into nasal cavity
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What cartilage is anterior to the fold?
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thyroid cartilage
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Where does lung cancer start?
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bronchis
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