I/o Psychology Chapter 1

Front 1

Personnel Psychology

Back 1

The field of study that concentrates on the selection and evaluation of employees

Front 2

Organizational psychology

Back 2

The field of study that investigates the behavior of employees within the context of an organization

Front 3

Human factors

Back 3

A field of study concentrating on the interaction between humans and machines

Front 4

Army Alpha

Back 4

An intelligence test developed during World War I and used by the army for soldiers who can read

Front 5

Army Beta

Back 5

An intelligence test developed during WWI and used by the army for soldiers who cannot read

Front 6

Hawthorne Studies

Back 6

A series of studies, conducted at the Western Electric plant in Hawthorne, Illinois, that have come to represent any change in behavior when people react to a change in the environment

Front 7

Hawthorne Effect

Back 7

When employees change their behavior due solely to the fact that they are receiving attention or are being observed

Front 8

Graduate Record Exam (GRE)

Back 8

A standardized admission test required by most psychology graduate schools

Front 9

Terminal Master's Degree Programs

Back 9

Graduate programs that offer a master's degree but not a Ph.D.

Front 10

Internship

Back 10

A situation in which a student works for an organization, either for pay or as a volunteer, to receive practical work experience

Front 11

Practicum

Back 11

A paid or unpaid position with an organization that gives a stud3ent practical work experience

Front 12

Dissertation

Back 12

A formal research paper required of most doctoral students in order to graduate

Front 13

Hypothesis

Back 13

An educated prediction about the answer to a research question

Front 14

Theory

Back 14

A systematic set of assumptions regarding the cause and nature of behavior

Front 15

Journals

Back 15

A written collection of articles describing the methods and results of new research

Front 16

Trade magazines

Back 16

A collection of articles for those "in the biz" about related professional topics, seldom directly reporting the methods and results of new research

Front 17

Magazines

Back 17

An unscientific collection of articles about a wide range of topics

Front 18

External Validity

Back 18

The extent to which research results can be expected to hold true outside the specific setting in which they were obtained

Front 19

Generalizability

Back 19

Like external validity, the extent to which research results hold true outside the specific setting in which they were obtained.

Front 20

Field Research

Back 20

Research conducted in a natural setting as opposed to a laboratory

Front 21

Informed Consent

Back 21

The formal process by which subjects give permission to be included in a study

Front 22

Institutional review boards

Back 22

A committee designed to ensure the ethical treatment of research subjects

Front 23

Causal relationships

Back 23

The result of a well-controlled experiment about which the researcher can confidently state that the independent variable caused the change in the dependent variable

Front 24

Experiment

Back 24

A type of research study in which the independent variable is manipulated by the experimenter

Front 25

Manipulation

Back 25

The alteration of a variable by an experimenter in expectation that the alteration will result in a change in the dependent variable

Front 26

Independent variable

Back 26

The manipulated variable in a experiment

Front 27

Dependent variable

Back 27

The measure of behavior that is expected to change as a result of changes in the independent variable

Front 28

Experimental group

Back 28

In an experiment, the group of subjects that receives the experimental treatment of interest to the experimenter

Front 29

Control group

Back 29

A group of employees who don not receive a particular type of training so that their performance can be compared with that of employees who do receive training

Front 30

Quasi-experiments

Back 30

Research method in which the experimenter either does not manipulate the independent variable or in which subjects are not randomly assigned to conditions.

Front 31

Archival research

Back 31

Research that involves the use of previously collected data

Front 32

Effect size

Back 32

Used in meta-analysis, a statistic that indicates the amount of change caused by an experimental manipulation

Front 33

Mean effect size

Back 33

Used in meta-analysis, a statistic that is the average of the effect sizes for all studies included in the analysis

Front 34

Correlation coefficients

Back 34

A statistic, resulting from performing a correlation, that indicates the magnitude and direction of a relationship.

Front 35

Difference score

Back 35

A type of effect size used in meta-analysis that is signified by the letter d and indicates how many standard deviations separate the mean score for the experimental group from the control

Front 36

Practical significance

Back 36

The extent to which the results of a study have actual impact on human behavior

Front 37

Random sample

Back 37

A sample in which every member of the relevant population had an equal chance of being chosen to participate in the study

Front 38

Convenience sammple

Back 38

A nonrandom research sample that is used because it is easily available

Front 39

Random assignment

Back 39

The random, unbiased assignment of subjects in a research sample to the various experimental and control conditions

Front 40

Debriefed

Back 40

Informing the subject in an experiment about the purpose of the study in which he or she was a participant and providing any other relevant information

Front 41

Correlation

Back 41

A statistical procedure used to measure the relationship between two cariables

Front 42

Intervening variable

Back 42

A third variable that can often explain the relationship between two other variables