I/o Psych Chapter 2 Keyterms

Front 1

Hypothesis

Back 1

A proposition about the relation between two or more events, objects, people, or phenomena.

Front 2

Operational definitions

Back 2

Define abstract constructs in term of specific procedures and measures.

Front 3

Variables

Back 3

Events, objects, people, or phenomena that vary in amount, degree, or kind with respect to certain aspects.

Front 4

Experimentation

Back 4

Involves active manipulation of variables by a researcher and control of environmental factors to exclude alternate explanations for the observed results.

Front 5

Measurement

Back 5

The assignment of numbers to aspects of events, objects, people, or phenomena according to a set of rules or conventions

Front 6

Observed Score

Back 6

Any score assigned to an attribute or characteristic of an individual through a measurement proecss; thought to be a combination of true scores and measurement error.

Front 7

True score

Back 7

The average score that an individual would earn on an infinite number of administrations of the same test or parallel versions of the same test.

Front 8

Error Score or Measurement Error

Back 8

The hypothetical difference betwen an observed score and a true score.

Front 9

Random Errors

Back 9

Errors that vary in unpredictable ways upon repeated measurement.

Front 10

Measurement Scale

Back 10

A set of rules by which numbers may be assigned to aspects of events, objects, people, or phenomena.

Front 11

Reliability

Back 11

The degree to which observed scores are free from random measurement errors; an indication of the stability or dependability of a set of measurements over repeated applications of the measurement procedure.

Front 12

Systematic Errors

Back 12

Errors that occur upon repeated measurements; also known as the occurence of bias in the measurements

Front 13

Validity

Back 13

The degree to which accumulated evidence and theory support specific interpretations of test scores in the context of the test's proposed use.

Front 14

Validity Generalization

Back 14

The application of validity evidence, obtained through meta analysis of data obtained from many situations, to other situations, which are similar to those on which the meta analysis is based.

Front 15

Bias

Back 15

Systematic errors in measurement, or inferences made from measruements, that are related to different identifiable group membership characteristics such as age, sex, or race.

Front 16

Fairness

Back 16

The principle that every test-taker should be assessed in an equitable manner.

Front 17

Ethics

Back 17

The determination of right and wrong; the standards and appropriate conduct or behaviour for members of a profession (ie. what those members may or may not do)