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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Alternative Hypothesis |
Represents what the researcher is trying to prove HA: Predicting a significant difference exists b/w groups |
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Null Hypothesis |
Represents the negation of what the researcher is trying to prove HO: Representing no difference b/w groups |
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When to use > for HA |
When the question uses the words: greater, larger, increased, improved |
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When to use < for HA |
When the question uses the words: less, decreased, smaller" |
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When is it a two tail-tailed test |
When the word use "the same, change, different/difference" |
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5 Steps to Hypothesis Testing |
1. State the Null and Alternate hypothesis 2. State the sample size, degree of freedom, level of significance 3. Find the critical value for the test 4. Calculate the value of the test statistic, using the sample data 5. Decide to Reject Ho or Fail to Reject Ho |
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Reject Ho |
95% confident that the outcome measure is greater/less in the treatment group vs. control group. Sufficient evidence |
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Fail to reject Ho |
95% confident that there is no difference in outcome measure in the treatment group vs. control group. No sufficient evidence |
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What is the significance level |
Probability of making a type I error |
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Type I Error |
A decision in favour of the alternative hypothesis when, in fact, the null hypothesis is true Ho is true (no significant difference) we reject the Ho Alpha, false alarm (more serious) |
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Type II Error |
A decision to fail to reject the null hypothesis when, in fact, the null hypothesis is false Ho is false (significant difference) we accept the Ho Miss |
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Critical Value for the Test |
Represent the cut off point for the test statistic - IF value of test statistic computed from the sample data is beyond the CV, the decision will be made to reject the null (Ho) hypothesis in favour of the Ha |
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How to decide to Reject Ho or Fail to Reject Ho |
Based on comparison of the calculated value of the test statistic and the critical value of the test, whether or not to reject the null hypothesis in favour of the alternative. |
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What is Hypothesis Testing |
The process to determine whether a hypothesis is supported by the results of a research study. Refers to the population; not the sample of M |
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One tailed test |
Predicts the direction of the expected difference between the group (rarely used) |
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Two Tailed Test |
Expects to find difference, but does not predict direction of the difference (more common) |
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p = 0.05 alpha level |
Researcher is willing to accept up to a 5% risk of making a type I error |
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Reducing levels of significance to 1% (0.01) |
Reduce risk of type I error to 1/100 times Increase chance of making a type II error |