Hypothalamus

Front 1

what is the embryonic development of the hypothalamus ??

Back 1

develops from Alar + Floor plate of Diencephalon

Front 2

where is the Arcuate Nu located ??

Back 2

in the Median eminance

Front 3

what is so significant about the median eminance ??

Back 3

no BBB and lined by Tancytes

Front 4

medial eminance is located in the ??

Back 4

tuber cinereum

Front 5

what is the diff btw Cranipharyngioma and pituitary adenoma ?

Back 5

Craniopharyngioma: occur in children (Rathke's pouch)

Pituitary adenoma: occur in adults, rathke's pouch

Front 6

a lesion above T1 will cause ?

Back 6

Hornor's syndrome (Hypothalamo spinal tract is severed)

Front 7

what is the cause of acute amnestic syndrome ??

Back 7

Bilateral transection of fornix

Front 8

how does the pituitary gland communicate with the Hypothalamus ??

Back 8

1. Supraoptico-Hypo-physeal tract (SOH) : From Supraoptic / Paraventricular nuclei to Neuro-hypophysis

2. Tubero-Hypophy-seal / -Infundibular (TH / TI) tract – Hypophyseal portal vein: from Arcuate nucleus to Adenohypophysis

Front 9

what does the supraoptic nu and the paraventricular nu secrete ??

Back 9

Supraoptic : ADH

paraventricular : Oxytocin

Front 10

where is the milk rekleased from in let down reflex ??

Back 10

from the sub areolar lactiferous sinus

Front 11

how is the hypothalamus supplied ?

Back 11

by the superior and inferior branches of the internal carotid

Front 12

LTH would inhibit which other hormone and would produce what in males and females ?

Back 12

LTH inhibits FSH / LH and produces lactational amenorrhea in women;

LTH Inhibits ICSH in males and produces impotency / infertility

Front 13

arcuate nu will produce mainly which hormones ??

Back 13

the releasing hormones

Front 14

how is the releasing hormones get transported ??

Back 14

via tubro hypophyseal tract to hypophyseal portal system

Front 15

a tumor that inhibits the release of catacholomines ... which hormone will be affected the most ??

Back 15

DOpamine = catacholomine

hormone affected the most is prolactin

Front 16

Paraventicular nu makes which releaseing hormones ??

Back 16

CRH and TRH

Front 17

preoptic and ant nu makes which releasing hormones ?

Back 17

LHRH

Front 18

suprachiasmatic nu makes which hormones ?

Back 18

GHIH/ somatostatin

Front 19

medial nu in the preoptic region development depends on ??

Back 19

the levels of testastrone

Front 20

what are the functions of Medial nu ?

Back 20

(1) N-REM sleep induction by GABA;
(2) LH release from Anterior pituitary;
(3) Sexual development;
(4) Parasympathetic action

Front 21

which nu controls the osmolality and H2O balance ?

Back 21

Supraoptic nu

Front 22

a lesion in the SO nu will cause ?

Back 22

Diabetes Insipidus ( polyuria and polydipsia)

Front 23

what is the function of Anterior Nu ?

Back 23

parasympathetic stimulation and thermoregulation

Front 24

a lesion in the Ant nu will cause ?

Back 24

hyperthermia

Front 25

what is the function of Suprachiasmatic Nu SCN /??

Back 25

circadian rhythm, feeling sleepy and production of GHIH

Front 26

what is the function of the tuberal region ??

Back 26

feeding, behavior an endocrine

Front 27

what is the function of the lateral nu ??

Back 27

feeding hunger and thirst center

Front 28

what is the cause of stimulation and lesion of lateral nu ?

Back 28

stimulation : hyperphagia

lesion : aphagia, wt loss

Front 29

a lesion in the Ventromedial nu or in the Satiety center will cause ??

Back 29

lesion will cause the patient to keep eating (hyperphagia)

Stimulation : Aphagia

Front 30

Dorsomedial nu stimulation will cause ?

Back 30

has the same effect as the ventromedial nu lesion : hyperphagia

Front 31

what is the function of posterior nu in the mammilary region ?

Back 31

Syp stimulation
thermoregulation ( heat conservation)
maintain arousal

Front 32

a lesion in the Posterior nu will cause ?

Back 32

Poikilothermia ( no regulation in cold weather )

Front 33

what is the difference between thermoregulation of the Anterior and posterior Nu ??

Back 33

Ant nu : Heat dissipator when temp rises ( lesion = Hyperthermia)

post nu : Heat conserver when temprature declines (lesion = Poikilothermia)

Front 34

what is the function of Organum vasculosum of Lamina terminalis (OV-LT) ??

Back 34

osmoreceptor: regulate AVP release and mediate thirst

Front 35

what is the role of a lesion in the ventromedial Nu ( besides hyperphagia) ??

Back 35

savage and rage behavior ( same with a dorsomedial Nu stimulation )

Front 36

what is the role of a lesion in the Ant nu ( besides thermoregulation ) ??

Back 36

lesion will impair sleep and awake rhythm

Front 37

blocking of which neurons would promote sleep ?

Back 37

Histaminergic Neurons

Front 38

what is the role of a lesion in the medial preoptic Nu in males and females ? and before and after puberty

Back 38

(1) Before puberty: Arrested sexual development;
(2) After puberty: Amenorrhea (female); Impotence (male)

Front 39

a lesion in the pineal gland before puberty will cause ?

Back 39

: Produces precocious puberty due to ↑hCG, which in males stimulates ICSH, producing early masculinization, and in females stimulates FSH / LH, producing early feminization. Germinomas produce hCG

Front 40

what the manifestations of Frohlich's syndrome ??

Back 40

unusual truncal obesity
tall
Genital hypoplagia
secondary sexual characterstics

Front 41

what are the manifestations of Gelastic epilepsy ??

Back 41

Hamartoma in the Hypothalamus
Bouts of laughter