Hypertension

Front 1

Complications of hypertension

Back 1

-Heart: LVH,CHF,MI,angina, sudden death
-Ophthalmic:retinal hemorrhage
retinopathy, blindness
-Renal:renal failure, nephropathy
-Cerebrovascular: stroke

Front 2

Blood pressure formula

Back 2

BP=stroke volume x heart rate x peripheral resistance

Front 3

Drugs that can induce hypertension

Back 3

-sympathomimetics
-steroids
-alcohol/cocaine
-cyclosporine/tacrolimus
-erythropoietin
-MAOI
-NSAIDS
-tricyclics

Front 4

Treatment of hypertension: No compelling indication

Back 4

-stage 1: thiazide,maybe ACEI,ARB,BB,CCB
-stage 2: thiazide + ACEI/ARB/BB/CCB

Front 5

Treatment of hypertension: compelling indication

Back 5

Compelling ind.:
HF, post MI, high coronary disease risk, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, recurrent stroke prevention

Front 6

Treatment of hypertension:
In patient with HF

Back 6

diuretic/beta blocker/ ACEI/ARB/ aldosterone antagonist

Front 7

Treatment of hypertension:
In patient post MI

Back 7

beta blocker/ACEI/ aldosterone antagonist

Front 8

Treatment of hypertension:
High coronary disease risk

Back 8

diuretic/ beta blocker/ ACEI/ CCB

Front 9

Treatment of hypertension:
Diabetes

Back 9

diuretic/ BB/ACEI/ARB/CCB

Front 10

Treatment of hypertension:
Chronic kidney disease

Back 10

ACEI/ ARB

Front 11

Treatment of hypertension:
In post stroke pt.

Back 11

diuretic/ ACEIh

Front 12

Thiazide diuretics Adverse effects/counseling

Back 12

-increase in glucose/lipids
-muscle cramps can indicate hypokalemia
-sensitivity to sun
-steriods:antagonize by retaining salt
-NSAIDs blunt response
-thiazides dec. Li clearance

Front 13

Thiazide monitoring

Back 13

-BP
-cholesterol
-electolytes
-uric acid
-BUN, creatinine

Front 14

Loop diuretics Adverse effects/counseling

Back 14

-sensitivity to sunlight
-increase in BG
-Muscle cramps: hypokalemia
-With AG: incr.risk of ototox.

Front 15

Centrally acting alpha2 agonists

Back 15

-clonidine: Catapres
-Methyldopa: Aldomet
-Guanfacine: Tenex
-Guanabenz: Wytensin

Front 16

Brand: Trandate, normodyne

Back 16

Generic: labetolol

Front 17

Brand: Corgard

Back 17

Generic: nadolol

Front 18

Brand: Sectral

Back 18

Generic: acebutolol

Front 19

Brand: Kerlone

Back 19

Generic: betaxolol

Front 20

Brand: Visken

Back 20

Generic: pindolol

Front 21

Brand: Apresoline

Back 21

Generic: hydralazine

Front 22

Brand: Loniten

Back 22

Generic: minoxidil

Front 23

Direct vasodilators

Back 23

-Minoxidil
-Hydralazine

Front 24

Adverse effects(precautions) of minoxidil/hydralazine

Back 24

-reflex tachycardia due to vasodilation:watch HR
-Edema due to vasodilation
-Hypotension/per.neuropathy
-Caution in CAD,recent MI,CHF, sig.renal failure
-Lupus (hydralazine)

Front 25

Brand: Sular

Back 25

Generic: Nisoldipine

Front 26

Brand:Dynacirc

Back 26

generic: Isradipine

Front 27

Brand: Cardene SR

Back 27

generic: nicardipine

Front 28

Brand: Nifedipine

Back 28

generic: Procardia XL, Adalat CC

Front 29

Adverse effects of CCB

Back 29

-ankle edema
-gingival hyperplasia
-flushing
-headache
-Verapamil (constipation)

Front 30

Which ACEI causese neutropenia?

Back 30

-captopril and enalapril

Front 31

which ACEI causes rash?

Back 31

-all can, but especially captorpril

Front 32

Brand: Univasc

Back 32

generic: moexipril

Front 33

Brand: Aceon

Back 33

generic: perindopril

Front 34

Brand: Mavik

Back 34

generic: trandolapril

Front 35

Brand: Teveten

Back 35

generic: eprosartan

Front 36

Brand:Avapro

Back 36

generic: irbesartan

Front 37

Brand: Micardis

Back 37

generic: telmisarten

Front 38

Hypertensive Emergency
vs. urgency

Back 38

-Emergency: immediate reduction of BP is required because target organ damage is present.
-Urgency: no organ damage,immediate reduction in BP not required

Front 39

Mean arterial pressure

Back 39

CO x SVR

Front 40

Treatment of hypertensive emergency

Back 40

-reduce MAP no more than 25% w/i minutes or hours
-Reach 160/100 within 2-6h
-Further reduce BP over days

Front 41

Signs and symptoms of organ damage in HTN emergency

Back 41

-papiledema,bleeding of eye
-chest pain,pulmonary edema
-dyspnea
-polyuria,proteinuria,hematuri
-coma,seizure, confusion
-S4 gallop,ischemia on ECG

Front 42

drugs used for HTN emergency

Back 42

nitroprusside,nicardipine,NTG,
enalaprilat,hydralazine,
diazoxide,labetalol,
esmolol,phentolamine

Front 43

Drugs used in HTN urgency

Back 43

-captopril
-clonidine
-labetalol

Front 44

Selective beta blockers

Back 44

-atenolol
-esmolol (injectable)
-metoprolol
-acebutolol
-bisoprolol
-nebivolol