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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Arteries
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blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart
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Structure of arteries
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1.endothelium - around lumen
2. smooth muscle 3. dense connective tissue |
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Arteriole
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only 2 layers:
1. endothelium 2. smooth muscle |
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Capillary
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only have endothelium, makes them leaky. filter out oxygen, glucose, other nutrients. filter in CO2, waste.
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Pre capillary sphincter
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around beginnings of capillaries, control blood flow
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Veins and Venules
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layers:
1. endothelium 2. smooth muscle 3. dense connective tissue |
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Veins compared to arteries
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Veins have:
1. larger lumen 2. thinner walls 3. more flexible 4. carry large amounts of blood at low pressure 5. contain valves to help blood flow |
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Heart (structure)
beats 75x/minute 2.8 billion contractions after 70 years |
Precardium - fibrus sac, fluid in pericardial cavity.
Epicardium - thin layer of epithelial and connective tissue. Myocardium - muscle, largest layer Endocardium - epithelial tissue, lining chambers, and blood vessels |
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Blood pathway
systemic veins to systemic arteries |
1. vena cavae
2. right atrium 3. tricuspic valve 4. right ventricle 5. semilunar valve 6. pulmonary arteries 7. lungs 8. pulmonary veins 9. left atrium 10. bicuspid valve 11. left ventricle 12. semilunar valve 13. aorta |
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Pumping action/ cardiac cycle
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1. Diastole - all chambers relaxed, semilunar closed, AV open, chambers filled with blood
2. Atrial systole - blood forced into ventricles 3. ventricular systole - semilunar open, AV close, ventricle contract (LUB) 4. back to distole (DUB) |
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Cardiac conduction system
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1. 2 nodes where electrical impulses come from central nervous system
2. small network of nerves 3. cardiac muscle cells can pass electrical impulses via junctions |
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Blood pressure
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Measured with sphigmomanometor.
systolic/diastolic |
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homeostasis
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maintain a constant blood pressure
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2 methods to maintaining homeostasis
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1. Baroreceptors - norepinephrine goes into system from adrenal glands, or acetylcheline relaxes system
2. local control - precapillary sphincter |
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Arrhythmia
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ventricular fibrillation (heartbeat is off/slowed), fixed from defibrillater, medication, or pacemaker
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Hypertension
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"silent killer," risk factors are genetics, sedintary lifestyle, athrosclerosis
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Hypotension
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reduced blood to brain, dizziness or fainting, usually symptom of something else
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Atheroscerosis
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narrowing of arteries due to plaque buildup. Can cause heart attack, hypertension, stroke. Treated by stints, bypass, clot reducing drugs.
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Angina Pectoris
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Chest pain due to insufficient circulation to the heart
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Heart Attack
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heart muscle cells die
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Congestive heart failure
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weak and inefficient blood flow. cause increased pressure in veins and capillaries - fluid leakage
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Stroke
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blockage of arteries to the brain, clot or embolism or aneurism.
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