Humanities Exam 1 Derek

Front 1

What is an argument?

Back 1

An argument is a set of statements one of which is designated as the conclusion. The other statements are premises, which are offered as reasons to support the conclusion.

Front 2

When are beliefs consistent and inconsistent?

Back 2

A set of beliefs is consistent if all of them can be true. A set of beliefs is inconsistent its not possible but all are true.

Front 3

How do we tell when the argument is a good one?

Back 3

First, are the statements that constitute the list true?
Second, is the structure of the argument of the kind to guarantee that the conclusion follows logically from the premises. Let's look briefly at each of these dimensions.

Front 4

When is an argument valid?

Back 4

An argument is valid if and only if it is not possible for the premises to be true and its conclusion false.

Front 5

Argument markers

Back 5

identify reasons and conclusions.

Front 6

Conclusion markers

Back 6

indicate what an argument shows.The warranting connective 'therefore' indicates that the statement which follows it is a conclusion. The premises of an argument usually precede.

Front 7

Reason markers

Back 7

indicate premises of an argument.

Front 8

Structure of Diamond's Argument

Back 8

Premise 1: Writing allowed monarchs and merchants to organize colonizing fleets.
Premise 2: Writing was used to set the courses by maps and written sailing directions, prepared by previous expeditions.
Premise 3: Written accounts of earlier expeditions helped prepare subsequent explorers.
Premise 4: The resulting empires were administered with the aid of writing.
Premise 5: Power in a modern society was the result easier transmission of more detailed, accurate, and more persuasive information.

Front 9

What is a rational belief?

Back 9

A rational belief is part of a system of organized beliefs and is founded on evidence.

Front 10

What is an argument?

Back 10

An argument is a set of statements one of which is designated as the conclusion. The other statements are premises, which are offered as reasons to support the conclusion.

Front 11

When are beliefs consistent and inconsistent?

Back 11

A set of beliefs is consistent if all of them can be true. A set of beliefs is inconsistent its not possible but all are true.

Front 12

How do we tell when the argument is a good one?

Back 12

First, are the statements that constitute the list true?
Second, is the structure of the argument of the kind to guarantee that the conclusion follows logically from the premises. Let's look briefly at each of these dimensions.

Front 13

When is an argument valid?

Back 13

An argument is valid if and only if it is not possible for the premises to be true and its conclusion false.

Front 14

Argument markers

Back 14

identify reasons and conclusions.

Front 15

Conclusion markers

Back 15

indicate what an argument shows.The warranting connective 'therefore' indicates that the statement which follows it is a conclusion. The premises of an argument usually precede.

Front 16

Reason markers

Back 16

indicate premises of an argument.

Front 17

Structure of Diamond's Argument

Back 17

Premise 1: Writing allowed monarchs and merchants to organize colonizing fleets.
Premise 2: Writing was used to set the courses by maps and written sailing directions, prepared by previous expeditions.
Premise 3: Written accounts of earlier expeditions helped prepare subsequent explorers.
Premise 4: The resulting empires were administered with the aid of writing.
Premise 5: Power in a modern society was the result easier transmission of more detailed, accurate, and more persuasive information.

Front 18

What is a rational belief?

Back 18

A rational belief is part of a system of organized beliefs and is founded on evidence.